Economic policy and global environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economic policy and global environment - Essay Example Over the span of the last decade, Singapore’s economy has shown growth at an average rate of 5 percent per annum (Ministry Of Manpower, 2013). Average growth rate of real GDP has been maintained at 8.6 percent between the years 2004 and 2007. Although the growth slackened in 2009 as an influence of the financial that hit almost all countries in the world, the economy rebounded by a growth rate of 14.8 percent in 2010 (CIA, 2013). At present the country’s GDP is $325.1 billion (2012 estimate) (CIA, 2013). This growth has been achieved through increase in productivity in the different sectors in the economy; particularly the financial services sector has depicted significant improvement. Average productivity growth has been nearly 1 percent per annum. The growth rate has matched pace with the productivity growth rate found in other developed nations. The broad range of the citizens of Singapore also enjoyed the benefits of increasing real wage rate. This has in effect led to an increase their standard of living. The government must play an active role in developing a pulsating style of life for the average Singaporean and transform the country into a distinctly recognizable global city and â€Å"a leading cultural capital† (Ministry of Finance, n.d.), containing such good attributes as, openness, integrity and diversity (NPTD, 2013). Growth in productivity allows the country to make it the most excellent place to live and grow, â€Å"a home that provides an outstanding quality of life† (MOF, n.d.) for the people. Utilization of sound financial system: vast public expenditures The remarkable growth in productivity in the economy has been possible through strategic participation of the government sector in the growth process along with the private sector. The government of Singapore has a sound finance system. Unlike those other governments, Singapore does not face the threat of deep slashes in public expenditure or rising tax rates as a n aftermath of financial crisis. Therefore, the Government can make vast expenditures in the field of quality education, research and development, development of infrastructure and communication. A total budget of US $10.6 billion was allocated to the Ministry Of Education Government for FY2012, The major proportion of which has been dedicated to the development of special education schools, poly technique colleges and technical education institutes. This creates a self-directed learner and an active contributor to the state, which enhances productivity (MOF, 2012a). 3.4 percent of the total expenditure mentioned in the budget for the FY2012 has been dedicated to the National Research Fund with the objective of making Singapore a R&D hub and a competitive and innovative economy (MOF, 2012b). In 2011 this expenditure accounted for 2.3 percent of GDP of the country, and in 2010 this proportion was 2.1 percent of the GDP (MOF, 2012b). This shows that the country has focused on improvin g on the productivity via innovation and knowledge-base. A sum of $458.4 million had been allocated for promoting communication technology in FY2012. The strategies were to encourage demand for Infocomm Technology (ICT), create innovative services and establishing policies regulations to sustain new ICT developments (MOF, 2012c). Economic restructuring The Government plays a dominant role in catalysing economic restructur

Relationship between Psychological Properties and Physical Properties According to Physicalism Essay Example for Free

Relationship between Psychological Properties and Physical Properties According to Physicalism Essay Physicalism refers to a stand by some philosophers that everything in the world is physical. Physicalism in some cases is referred to as materialism, where everything is viewed to have physical properties. With respect to philosophy, Physicalism is the ontological point of view that there is nothing above and over the physical. Physicalists view the nature or the world as one and believe that everything including mind has physical properties and thus it is physical. In the attempt to prove their view of the world, Physicalists has come up with diverse explanation to bring out the relationship that exists between different aspects of nature including psychological states and properties. To understand the relationship between physical properties and mental properties, realization, reductive and supervenience ideas have been used by the physicalists. However, critics argue that physicalism is a false view of nature. This research paper will seek to determine the relationship that exists between psychological states or properties and physical properties according to Physicalism. In addition, the paper will bring into light reasons behind this relationship. Relationship between psychological properties and physical properties according to PhysicalismIn the attempt to bring out the relationship between the physical properties and psychological properties, philosophers such as Lewis used supervenience approach. This approach is simply based on meta-ethics and indicates that physical properties and mental properties are closely related due to the fact that psychological properties are part of the physical properties (Daniel, 2010). In other words, philosophers assert that psychological properties such as thinking are enclosed by physical properties. To make the argument certain, philosophers such as Lewis give an example where he refers dots on a picture as physical properties and claims that the picture is like the global features or the world. The same way he affirms that psychological properties and other properties including biological properties are like dots on the global features. Supervenience idea of the explaining physicalism ass erts that psychological properties are nothing but simply physical properties (Kim, 2008). Psychological or mental properties such as pain are viewed as physical according to physicalists as they believe that the physical aspect of pain is casually closed by the major physical properties. According to Kim, (2008), supervenience tries to bring out the identical aspect between the physical properties and psychological properties. The fact that psychological or mental properties are part of physical properties indicates similarity according to the physicalists (Daniel, 2010). This is particularly supported by the general view of physicalism that the world is a single stuff. According to the physicalists, mental or psychological properties are dependant to physical properties and thus there can not be physical difference without psychological difference. Simply, psychological properties supervene on material properties and thus they are just but the same thing. According to Physicalism, physical properties can be reduced to mental or psychological properties. The notion of reductive by the physicalism brings out the relationship between mental properties and physical properties (Kim, 2008). Essentially, physicalists use reductive idea to ascertain their idea that the world is made of a single stuff that is physical properties only. Physicalism philosophers affirms that there is a close relationship between physical properties and psychological or mental properties particularly basing their argument that mental properties are smaller components of physical properties and thus are physical properties. Realization theory is another approach used by the physicalism to bring out possible relations between psychological or mental properties and physical properties (Daniel, 2010). Based on this theory, all psychological properties can be realized through a particular physical basis (Kim, 2008). In a philosophical perspective, physicalists argue that all physical properties or predicates can be traced or are definable in physical language. This implies that there is a close relation between the two and according to physicalism they are inseparable (Daniel, 2010). Physicalists affirms that the fact that physical properties can be reduced to mental or psychological properties implies that the two are identical and simply has a close relationship. Physicalism believes that everything inside the world has physical properties and the world itself is a physical thing in its own nature. The developed understanding from this argument is that everything considered as physical thing has its own physical properties which in reality has its own psychological properties. This claim can be explained further by application of ontological perspective which involves both methodological and epistemological corollaries. According to the Physicalists, every object in the world is composed of different material which in reality encompasses different physical properties (Kim, 2011). Therefore, physical properties exhibit different properties such as mass, shape volume, energy, temperature and volume among others. In reference to the reductive physicalism, objects with high levels of properties are more reducible hence there is a high chance that they have physical properties. Jackson (2002) affirms that physicalism is more dependent on philosoph ical position which presents a myth that everything that exists in the earth has physical properties. From this explanation the understanding developed is that physicalism is closely associated with philosophy of mind which extensively believes that mind is a physical object which can be viewed at different perspectives (Kim, 2011). In reference to physical science point of view, physicalism includes bigger notations as opposed to just matter, space energy and time. The mind being in a form of a physical world, it is closely associated with non reductive physicalism. Fodor in his own research argues that physicalism is dependent will all genuine items which can be referred to either identical or are dependent upon other physical properties (Clarke, 2003). In order to accept these believe of physicalism, it vital to understand how it is related with mind dualism rejection. According to Fodor, â€Å"mentalism† is the best alternative of the dualism. Basically, physicalism believes that the concept of the consciousness is entirely dependent of the physical properties (Clarke, 2003). The state of the mind is a functional that exists in a given system. In relation to the theory of functionalism, brain is extensively believed to be a just biological implementation in a given system. The general understanding it , that the brain has capacity to recognize any change in mental status. Dualism theory is quite different from physicalism because it argues that consciousness is not related to the physical. According to Savellos and YalcÃŒ §in, (1995), panpsychism theory explains that all items which contain aspects of reality within themselves have psychological properties in additional to their physical properties. Critics argue that hardcore physicalists are more concerned to investigate the structure of the outer world in the bid of trying to understand the build relationship between the physical properties and psychological properties. Ultimately, the physical properties and mental are two distinctive area but they are contingently connected with each other. Philosophically, mind is believed to be dependent on the physical properties. Therefore, based with the explanation of the physicalism the empirical world is composed of all properties or entities which have effects of causes. Notably, both mental facts and physical have a close relationship with physicalism in relation to mental effects and causes. According to many physicalists the world in general is a physical hence everyth ing in it have its own physical properties. When reviewing the world at a supervenience base, it helps to reflect the general thinking of the physicalists. This implies that the relationship between of fundamental physical properties and psychological properties are closely dependent on each other as per the explanation of Physicalism (Clarke, 2003). The two features have the common bond of metaphysics because they are depending on certain established physical facts. Conclusion                     From the above discussion, it is evident that Physicalism extensively refers to a developed understanding by some philosophers who believe that everything in the world is physical hence have its own physical properties. In addition, Physicalism can also be referred to as materialism, where everything is viewed to have physical properties. Psychological or mental properties such as pain are viewed as physical according to physicalists as they believe that the physical aspect of pain is casually closed by the major physical properties. Therefore, this is an indication that the state of the mind is a functional that exists in a given system. References Clarke, R. (2003). Libertarian accounts of free will. Oxford [u.a.: Oxford University Press. Daniel .S. (2010). Physicalism, New Problems of Philosophy. RoutledgeJackson, F. (2002). Mind, Method and Conditionals: Selected Papers. Routledge, 2002 Kim, J. (2008). Physicalism, or Something Near Enough. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Kim, J. (2011). Philosophy of Mind. ReadHowYouWant.com, Limited, 2011 Savellos, E. E., YalcÃŒ §in, U. D. (1995). Supervenience: New essays. Cambridge [England: Cambridge University Press. Source document

Medieval Art in a Modern World Essay -- Essays Papers

Medieval Art in a Modern World When I was looking at different works of art from the Middle Ages in the Metropolitan Museum of Art (medieval wing), one in particular caught my attention. Entitled â€Å"Plaque with the Crucifixion and the Stabbing of Hades,† this piece embodies life and death, triumph and defeat, divinity and humanity. Carved in ivory, this plaque, depicting the Passion of Christ with an allusion to Hades (god of the underworld), is from the mid-tenth century, or Middle Byzantine era, and was made in Constantinople. The plaque depicts the death of Christ as a triumph over Hades and thus presents a victory for man’s salvation. Centered in the plaque is Christ’s limp body, his head hanging low to the right, arms outstretched, and knees slightly bent. On the left side of the plaque is Mary, Jesus’ mother, mourning the death of her son, the Messiah. On the other side is John the Baptist, also in mourning. Beneath Christ’s feet are three Roman soldiers, shown dividing his garment. Mary, John, and the soldiers are many times portrayed as the main witnesses of Jesus’ suffering for his mercy on humanity. To the immediate left and right of Christ are two angels waiting to escort their Lord back to heaven. Its title is self-descriptive. The plaque itself is intense in representation and represents more generally the religious devotion present in the medieval period. Since Christianity was a very large part of medieval society, the Crucifixion was a central theme in Go...

Mapping an Argument

Mapping an Argument Kimberly Williams CRT/205 11/11/2012 University of Phoenix Mapping an Argument What is the Issue? I have decided to read about the Traditional newspapers are becoming extinct. The issue with this is the cost of the newspapers going up and how the Internet is taking over the place of the newspaper. People are now depending on the Internet for their sources instead of the newspapers. The competition-deflecting effects of printing cost got destroyed by the Internet. The newspaper people often note that newspapers benefit society as a whole, but it is getting so expensive to keep newspapers running.The imperatives to strengthen journalism and to strengthen newspapers have been so tightly wound as to be indistinguishable. They are trying to find ways to strengthen the ways of newspapers. â€Å"Save newspapers† to â€Å"save society† is the big issue of this article. The other issue is to keep the newspapers from becoming extinct. The other article that I read about was the Veterans Administration health care not being readily available in rural areas. The issues of this article were the increased efforts to improve the care that is available for rural veterans.Also anther issue for the veterans was the long distances it is a huge problem for most of them. Long distances and restrictive rules have become an issue for the veterans and they have also become very obstacles to health care for many of them. Rural veterans have other problems with this also. The health care needs of rural veterans and managing the money for expanding care. In addition, oversight of rural health care programs was ineffective. There are so many issues with their heath care needs they are trying to fix them. What are the stated and unstated premises?The stated and unstated premises for Traditional Newspapers Are Becoming Extinct are that the newspaper industry has been fighting for its life since the beginning of the digital age, and also journalism will surv ive without newspapers. Strategizing to survive the on Internet was also one of the stated premises for this article and the unstated premise for this was that they never really stated how they were going to fight and keep the newspapers going in a way that the papers can still be running and people can still use the Internet for sources also.The stated premises for the Veterans Administration Health Care is that the VA has increased efforts to improve the care that is available for rural veterans. Long distances are a problem for many veterans is a stated premise that was in the article, and also veterans had to fight very hard to get every dollar that they could. Suicides among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans have reached record levels because of the heath care and the long distance that have caused problems for them. The unstated premises that weren’t listed that I could find was why most of the veterans did not feel that they had to enroll in a health care plan.What was the reason that they never wanted to enroll and what could the VA have done to help the veterans want to enroll in the heath care plan, what type of jobs did they do to help those that had problems with the long distance? These are some unstated premise that I feel should have been put into the article. What is the conclusion? The conclusion on the Traditional Newspapers Are Becoming Extinct is a plan and a strategy to survive the Internet, and trying to figure out how they can use the newspaper and the Internet without having to stop the use of one of them.They needed a plan how to deal with the Internet. A way for the newspaper to grow unsteady of shirking how to improve the newspaper in away the public would enjoy its use and continue to want to read it unsteady of using the internet. And a way to keep it up and running because the newspaper is coming so expensive to keep it up and running also way to have respected for people when written about a person in the newspaper. The conclu sion on the Veterans Administration Health Care is that the VA needs to find a way to make the veterans want to and enjoy the ability to have VA health care.Furthermore, the VA needs to find A way to make health care available for all of the veterans to have it, and afford the heath care. The VA needs to have rules for veterans heath care so the distance that the veterans live from the nearest facility shouldn’t be a problem. Improving the health care for the veterans is the conclusion for this article. They need to find a way that health care can be provided for all of our veterans because they deserve it. To ensure veterans receive the health care and benefits they have earned.To make a way for the veterans to be seen by out-of-network doctor if the same care is available within the system even if it’s more convenient for them there should be away for them to see what every doctor is available for them at the present time. They need to improve the health care for the veterans. Content and Development 35 Points| Points Earned33/35| | Additional Comments:| All key elements of the assignment are covered in a substantive way. * 350 to 700 words * Examines 2 articles from Opposing Viewpoints in Context * Provides substantive explanations to the following questions: * What is the issue? What are the stated and unstated premises? * What is the conclusion? | Paper addresses two of the assigned articles in a contemplative manner. The paper identifies the issue, premises, and conclusion in an adequate way. Although most points are clear, a few are vague. See notes above. | The content is comprehensive, accurate, and persuasive. | | Major points are stated clearly; are supported by specific details, examples, or analysis; and are organized logically. | | | | Readability and Style 10 Points| Points Earned6/10| | Additional Comments:| The tone is appropriate to the content and assignment. | Tone is informative.The writing in this paper has several issues: w ordiness, fragments (incomplete sentences), and vagueness. I've highlighted several examples above and suggested revisions. | Sentences are complete, clear, and concise. | | Sentences are well constructed, strong, and varied. | | Sentence transitions are present and maintain the flow of thought. | | | | Mechanics 5 Points| Points Earned3/5| | Additional Comments:| The assignment—including tables and graphs, headings, title page, and reference page— is consistent with Associate Level Writing Style Handbook formatting guidelines and meets course-level requirements. Layout is effective and aids readability. Several mechanical corrections are noted. Citations and references have not been included. It is essential to cite and reference non-original sources correctly. Refer to the formatting guidelines in the Associate Level Writing Style Handbook. | Intellectual property is recognized with in-text citations and a reference page. | | Rules of grammar, usage, and punctuation are followed. | | Spelling is correct. | | Late Penalty – 10% per day up to 2 days| | Total 50 Points| Total Earned42/50| Overall Comments:Hi Kimberly,Thank you so much for turning in this assignment.You have offered a competent mapping of the articles. You have generally identified the issues, premises, and conclusions and offered a substantive explanation for each. Your post is addresses all points in the assignment. Better organization of the writing would have strengthened the paper. Several mechanical and formatting changes are present. See comments above and in the text for specifics. Good work on this assignment! I hope this assignment has helped you clarify concepts relating to analyzing arguments to identify the issues, premises, and conclusions. |

Representing Dreams and Hopes: Cinderella and the Disney Fantasy

The abstract sums up your paper’s purpose and content in 120 words or less. It includes important information such as the thesis and main ideas. Abbreviations and unique terms should also be defined. It should be in your own words and as brief as possible. >> Representing Dreams and Hopes: Cinderella and the Disney Fantasy Animation is a succession of images, sounds, and emotions in which Walt Disney has presented his miracle ideas by a number of animated cartoons and artworks for over 75 years.Apart from being products of science and technology, Disney’s animated features also have an entertainment value, which promise elements of hope, joy, and sorrow. In the video,Once Upon a Dream the Making of Sleeping Beauty, Walt Disney says: It is always a challenge for bringing a great story classic to the screen and giving visual form to the characters and the places that only existed in the imagination. But it is the kind of challenge that we enjoy. Disney’s programs t ake their audiences out of the world of reality to give a peek into the most fantastic world of fantasy, touching and encouraging audiences at the same time.In animated film history, the most popular example being Cinderella created in 1950. Since the early 19th century, its songs and narrative are a legend of the history of animation.. Cinderella (1950) is an incredible, classical masterpiece of animation history, a tribute to the Disney tradition of the animation production. It has successfully influenced cartoon culture and audiences over the years. Cinderella (1950) is an incredible, amazing, famous and classical American animated feature produced by Walt Disney and his studio. Since Mickey, Donald Duck, and Snow White Disney studios have dominated the American animation industry.Post World War II, this studio was in great financial difficulty. John Culhance, an author and film historian, mentions debts of USD $4 million after the WWII period. Ohmer, in That Rags to Riches Stuff : Disney’s Cinderella and the Cultural Space of Animation, presents that during the story conferences of Cinderella in May 1947, Walter Lantz, president of the Cartoon Producers Association, announced that animated film production would be cut more than 45% during the following year. Disney faced a number of obstacles, both external and internal and ranging from economic to sociological.Under these circumstances, producing a full-length feature seemed difficult given the time required to produce an animation film, which is usually about three to four years. Although it took risks of producing Cinderella, Walt Disney was persistent in fighting for his dream. It motivated him to make a full-length and full-colored animation movie despite his studio being in financial difficulty. In Cinderella, with a running time of 72 minutes, Disney used USD $2. 9 million for creating an attractive and dramatic content. Cinderella is based on the fairy tale â€Å"Cendrillon† by Charles Perrault.Right from her sparkling ball gown and glass slippers to the Fairy Godmother, the mice, and Cinderella herself are etched in people’s minds. Apart from Perrault’s version, Disney added some extra details to the screen version. For example, when the two ugly sisters damage Cinderella’s ball gown, she looks kinder and lovelier. It successfully brings out the individual trait of each character. This 1950 classic fairytale helped Disney and his team save the entire cartoon business and helped create a legend. The film was a huge success at the box office, which allowed Disney to carry on the animation empire.Cinderella has re-released at least six times in different generations. From the format of VHS video to the latest platinum DVD edition, it helps Walt Disney earn huge success and also make millions and millions of profits. Although there were limitations while producing Cinderella (1950), Disney used two critical strategies to save money and control t he cost of production. These strategies defined the work process for creating animation feature films. To begin with, they hired outside consultants to conduct the market research. The research of product manufacturing was established through advertising and production conference.Disney also used a previews section to understand audiences’ reactions. This helped to focus on audiences’ likes and dislikes. They wanted to make sure that everyone would love to see Cinderella. Joel Siegel, a film critic, also praised Cinderella stating that the story presented the faith of â€Å"American Dreams† and â€Å"Hollywood Dreams†. To illustrate, Cinderella imagines herself as the girl, who is chosen by the Prince and dresses up beautifully. People were attracted to this story, primarily because it transformed people’s dreams onto the screen.Disney and his team transformed the dream into motion picture on the screen. This is also the major reason why this story is still fresh in the audiences’ minds and still very popular amongst generations for 60 years now. The second strategy that Walt and his animators used was a live action model for reference to shorten the development processes of Cinderella. Helene Stanley was the action model used, while Ilene Woods was the voice artiste. Both contributed greatly in creating this motion feature film. The live action models helped Disney transform the magical moments of the scene into meticulous details.The animators paid careful attention to human movements; so that they could make the characters alive on screen. Before the final artworks were made, live action footage was used to create the plots, time the sequences of action, track both facial and physical movements of the characters, and test their cohesiveness. Actors and actress wore full consumes with makeup, in which they acted out of the screen on stage with background setting. Cinderella provided a link between Disney’s pre sent and its past, and shaped the legacy of animation production.After using live actors for motion reference to produce Snow White and the Seven Dwarf (1937) and the hugely successful Cinderella (1950); Disney truly thought that using live action model reference could allow the animators’ ability to improve the picture to be more realistic. They could take photos frame by frame such that some key poses could be pulled out directly as a basis for drawing the flipbooks. Shooting the film in live action also minimized the changes in the drawings and helped speed up production. The production of Cinderella thus proved how important and valuable it was to use live action models for reference.Since then, 90% of the hand drawn animations were created based on live action models. This production strategy is still being used for more recent animation films, such as The Little Mermaid (1989) and Hercules (1997). The Little Mermaid (Platinum Edition) The Making: Live Action Reference ( Clip), shows that Broadway actress Jodi Benson was chosen to play the voice of Ariel; while Sheri Lynn Stoner, a former member of Los Angeles’ Groundings improvisation comedy group, was chosen to be the live action reference model of Ariel.Glen Keane, the co-supervising animator of Ariel, indicated that he understood the importance of studying frame by frame of footage in drawings. Since the animators wanted to balance the coherence of the sound and motion, live action models did help create detailed and realistic drawings. The Making of Hercules, 1997 video showcases Disney’s traditional production strategy, even though modern animation uses a combination of technology and art works. The production of Hercules (1997) combines traditional animation techniques with the latest computer-generated imagery CGI to add graphics and 3D effects into the film.Roger Gould, the CGI supervisor, mentioned that the computer could only help in creating more than what they could do bef ore. However, all the preparation and production processes still remain very traditional. Once the story structure is completed and presented using a storyboard, voice artistes record voices of the characters by adding other details to the animation. Nik Ranieri indicated that he wanted the voices and the animations to be combined nicely; therefore, the voice artistes’ performances were very important to create detail body movements and facial expressions of the character.Andreas Deja, the supervising animator of Hercules, combined Tate Donovan’s energy and naive quality into the characteristics of Hercules. Besides, different voice actors also acted out with body movements and facial expressions. For example, Danny DeVito (the voice artiste of the Philoctetes), changes his facial expressions while talking in different tones. The animator videotaped Vito’s recording process and used these expressions while animating Philoctetes. James Woods (the voice artiste of Hades), used his body movement and sneer as the basis for Hades’ gestures.These elements are very powerful and increase the ability of storytelling. By comparing the production processes of Cinderella (1950), The Little Mermaid (1989), and Hercules (1997) Disney and his team strived to animate magical moments into realistic motion pictures. They created many unforgettable scenes, such as Cinderella imagining herself as the girl chosen by the Prince and dressing up beautifully; the Little Mermaid becoming human to look for her true love and dreams; and Hercules sacrificing himself to save his lover and finally becoming a real hero.There is no doubt the huge success of Cinderella (1950) created a defined the production legacy by building up a traditional system for creating animation feature films. Disney and his studio not only aim on creating entertainment, but also present the meaningful thesis of â€Å"Dreams can come true if you have the courage to pursuit them. † By comparing the latest princess story of Cinderella (1950) and The Princess and The Frog (2009), we can certainly pinpoint that Cinderella influences the cartoon culture of Disney stories.Typically, Disney stories present royal romance including love, faith, and dreams. Moreover, they highlight the importance of the Fairy Godmother, the narrative power of the songs, and animal helpers. Cinderella (1950) is really a successful story, which can attract everyone in different generation, because all people have the imagination and dreams. Most girls can identify with the Cinderella story and would like to be pretty like her and be chosen by their Prince who will help them put on the glass slippers.Many boys also want to find their true love just like the Prince found Cinderella. The lyrics of â€Å"A Dream is A Wish Your Heart Makes,† encourages people in different generations. â€Å"No matter how you heart is grieving, if you keep on believing, the dream that you wish will com e true. † Cinderella is transformation by Fairy Godmother with the beautiful ball gown, is one of the scenes liked by Disney the most. Thus, Cinderella not only explores the audiences’ imagination, but also makes everyone’s dreams come live on the screen.

Different Country Different Culture essays

Different Country Different Culture essays The best way for anybody to become educated about the world around him is to experience the world first hand; to see the different cultures and lifestyles up and close. This allows the person to step out of their box; out of their shelter that they know and have learned to be what life is and see a completely different world that might show them how different life can be and how different cultures value different things that might have a big impact on that persons life. A person is going to become more educated in the fact that they will have been exposed to different ideas and has learned to see the world though different eyes. They can asses a situation differently with the knowledge that it can be done differently. It can also change the types of decisions that they make, due to what they have learned while in a different country. In cases where people are trying to learn a second language the best thing to do, is to visit the country whos language they are studying and stay there for a month or so. This is the best way to learn a new language because they are exposed to this language all day everyday for the next part of their life. People have to adapt hence they learn the language so they can communicate with the people there and they can get what they want to get. They learn the language as it is spoken and not the way that it is taught in a classroom. Its the first hand experience that helps people learn something knew. They have a deeper knowledge of why certain this are said a certain way and they pick up the informal way of speaking the language, which is not taught in a classroom or in any textbooks. Watching about a culture on TV can be informative, but actually being among the people is a completely different thing. Being amongst the native people of the country in which they are learning something new about is more than facts on a textbook, its a first hand ...

How to Build a Baking Soda Volcano Science Fair Project

How to Build a Baking Soda Volcano Science Fair Project The baking soda and vinegar volcano is the kitchen equivalent of a volcano. Obviously, its not  the real  thing, but its cool all the same! The baking soda volcano is also non-toxic, which adds to its appeal. It is a classic science project which can help kids learn about chemical reactions and what happens when a volcano erupts. This project takes about 30 minutes to complete. Did You Know? The cool red lava is the result of a chemical reaction between the baking soda and vinegar.In this reaction, carbon dioxide gas is produced, which is also present in real volcanoes.As the carbon dioxide gas is produced, pressure builds up inside the plastic bottle, until the gas bubbles (thanks to the detergent) out of the volcano. Volcano Science Project Materials 6 cups flour2 cups salt4 tablespoons cooking oilwarm waterplastic soda bottledishwashing detergentfood coloringvinegarbaking dish or another pan2 T baking soda Make the Chemical Volcano First, make the cone of the baking soda volcano. Mix 6 cups flour, 2 cups salt, 4 tablespoons cooking oil, and 2 cups of water. The resulting mixture should be smooth and firm (more water may be added if needed).Stand the soda bottle in the baking pan and mold the dough around it into a volcano shape. Dont cover the hole or drop dough into it.Fill the bottle most of the way full with warm water and a bit of red food color (can be done before sculpting if you dont take so long that the water gets cold).Add 6 drops of detergent to the bottle contents. The detergent helps trap the bubbles produced by the reaction so you get better lava.Add 2 tablespoons baking soda to the liquid.Slowly pour vinegar into the bottle. Watch out - eruption time! Experiment with the Volcano While its fine for a young investigator to explore a simple model volcano, youll want to add the scientific method if you want to make the volcano a better science project. Here are ideas for ways to experiment with a baking soda volcano: Make a prediction about what happens if you change the amount of baking soda or vinegar. Record and analyze the effect, if any.Can you think of ways to change the volcano to make the eruption go higher or last longer? This might involve changing the chemicals or the shape of the volcano. It helps to record numerical data, such as the volume of liquid, the height of the lava, or duration of the eruption.Does it affect your volcano if you use a different kind of chemical to color the volcano? You could use tempera paint powder. Try using tonic water instead of regular water to get a volcano that glows under black light.What happens if you substitute other acids instead of vinegar or other bases instead of baking soda? Examples of acids include lemon juice or ketchup. Examples of bases include laundry detergent and household ammonia. Use caution if you substitute chemicals because some mixtures can be dangerous and produce hazardous gasses. Dont experiment with bleach or bathroom cleane rs. Adding a bit of food coloring will result in red-orange lava! Orange seems to work the best. Add some red, yellow, and even purple, for a bright display.

How to Write Emotional Headlines to Get More Shares - CoSchedule

How to Write Emotional Headlines to Get More Shares Here at , we recently hit over 10 million headlines entered into our Headline Analyzer tool. Thats a lot of headlines. With this massive resource, we began wondering what, exactly, made a highly-shared headline so shareable. Could we find a way to predict whether or not a headline would be well-shared? You may be surprised to hear that we found just such a thing. When we combined our massive database of headlines with our social sharing analytics  and top content reports, we were able to get a unique view of the answer to this question.  It all comes down to something called the Emotional Marketing Value (EMV) score. This is the result of a simple test used to provide an actual rating that can be used to judge how well our headline will be received by others. How to Write Emotional Headlines That Get More SharesWrite More Emotional Headlines with This Free Power Words Tear Sheet So, how should you go about writing more emotional headlines? Start by understanding what constitutes as emotional. Copywriter Karl Stepp offers a great list of highly emotional words that he calls power words for emotional selling. As a handy guide,   I have converted them to this handy tear-sheet that you can download right here. Then, Test Your Headlines With 's  Free Headline Analyzer Our free Headline Analyzer  will help you: Use headline types that get the most traction for social shares, traffic, and search engine ranking. Make sure you have the right word balance to write readable headlines that command attention. See the best  word and character length for search engines like Google and email subject lines, while also seeing  how your readers will scan your headlines. Start by visiting the Headline Analyzer page and entering your headline: As you scroll down through your analysis, you'll see previous headlines you wrote for comparison purposes: The next portion will show you your headline score and the different word types in your headline influencing that score. Here at , we always aim for a 70 or higher: Scrolling over your results reveals a tip on how to better incorporate each word type into your headline: Continue to play with headline combinations until you find one that works best. It's free and you can use it as much as you'd like. How Do We Know Emotional Headlines Drive More Shares? We went through a bunch of the headlines in the system and calculated their EMV score. The results were stunning. Posts with a higher emotional value got more shares. Period. What we found was that on average, posts with a higher EMV were shared more often than posts with a lower EMV score. Posts with a high number of shares frequently reached an EMV Score of 30 or 40, several points higher than posts with fewer shares. The results are pretty cool, but how does this score even work? Recommended Reading: Why People Share: The Psychology of Social Sharing How Can The Emotional Value Of A Headline Be Calculated? Emotional marketing value dates back to the 1960s and 1970s when government research scholar Dr. Hakim Chishti was studying the roots of several languages including Persian, Aramaic, Hebrew, Arabic, and Urdu. As it goes, his research found that there are basic underlying harmonics in language that are always interpreted with the same "emotional" reactions. Where dictionary-based meanings can be mistaken, the sound tones themselves are always interpreted the same way in our emotional response. This means that emotional language creates a very predictable response, something that can be very advantageous to marketers. Emotional language creates a very predictable response, something that can be very advantageous in...The Emotional Marketing Value is a score that looks to asses how a group of words follows these emotional harmonics, and how likely they are to elicit an emotional response from a reader. The Emotional Marketing Value Headline Analyzer   is a tool based on the research that is made freely available by the Advanced Marketing Institute. Using it can easily provide you with such a score. Can this tool predict shares? Maybe. The  Emotional Marketing Value Headline Analyzer  is easy to use. Simply copy and paste your headline into the box and it will give you a calculated score of your headline’s EMV Score. Here is the result for the headline of this post: The tool provide a more complete explanation of the score: This score indicates that your headline has a total of 44.44% Emotional Marketing Value (EMV) Words. To put that in perspective, the English language contains approximately 20% EMV words. And for comparison, most professional copywriters' headlines will have 30%-40% EMV Words in their headlines, while the most gifted copywriters will have 50%-75% EMV words in headlines. A perfect score would be 100%, but that is rare unless your headline is less than five words. Scores are also classified by three emotional types – intellectual, empathetic, and spiritual. The institute provides a few details on what each of these emotional types include. As an example, the emotional classification for this post was intellectual – a perfect fit for , as we are looking to promote a product that requires reasoning and/or careful evaluation. After we saw what EMV can  do, we thought  it would be  helpful to build a new headline analyzer. This free tool combines EMV with several other elements we've found drive shares, traffic, and SEO results. Recommended Reading: How to Write Headlines That Drive Traffic, Shares, and Search Results Positive/Happy Emotions Do A Better Job Encouraging Shares Here's what our top 20 most shared blog posts look like based on emotional sentiment: Ten are positive Nine are neutral Just one is negative This is a small data set, but it appears the anticipation of benefits drives more shares. Anticipation is the feeling that we get whenever we find something (like a blog post) that sparks our curiosity. We immediately begin to anticipate the contents of that post and wonder what we might find on the other side. When it comes to anticipation, our emotions will play a big role in how we finally respond to our own curiosity. Anticipating positive (or happy) events sustains the output of dopamine  into the brain’s chemical pathways, and as renowned marketer Neil Patel says  "scientific experiments show that most people anticipate future positive events, as opposed to future negative events. In the absence of anxious/depressive psychological disorders, people automatically anticipate happiness more than they do sadness." Scientific experiments show that most people anticipate future positive events, as opposed to future negative events. – Neil Patel So, this all begins to add up. Not only do emotions cause us to share, but positive emotions seem to add an additional boost. If we look back to the  three emotional types – intellectual, empathetic, and spiritual – we can easily see a distinct trend towards positive emotions and happiness. In short, popular headlines don't only trigger our emotions, but they help us imagine a positive outcome. They help us imagine a better life.

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Leadership - Essay Example However, researchers have helped in making decisions about the behavioral patterns by providing three broad categories. The first category involves the ‘self-actualized’ employees who are never de-motivated and have high spirits and passion to achieve the goals. It involves an estimated 10 percent of the total workforce. The second category involves ‘fence sitters’, who can be motivated using the motivational techniques and skills. The largest group of workforce belongs to this category (i.e. around 80%). The third category involves the remaining 10 percent employees who are difficult to be managed and motivated. These employees do not intend to achieve anything over and above their current performance. In other words they do not have any intention to get motivated and improve their performance. The importance of categorizing the employees is the fact that the middle category (i.e. 80-90%) of the employees get motivated to improve their performance by the wa y self-actualized employees are treated and rewarded (Ramasamay, 2005). The most significant one is the performance appraisal method of motivation which would encourage the employees to work towards a goal so that they can get the respective appraisal report. It is this performance based appraisals which would encourage the employee to take part in discussions and decisions of the company and would hence give a platform to the company for a variable number of decisions. In addition, an increased participation of the employees in the decisions of the company can make somewhat obvious to the employees that the company cares for them. This care and warmth by the company is necessary for employee motivation. Employee performance based categorizing and careful rating of employees helps in motivating employees to achieve the targets and be on the top of the lists of high achievers. They usually get motivated by the feeling of superiority in work and this method of appraising their perform ance affects their working abilities as well. Thomas (2000) and O’Malley (2000) further illuminate the employees’ concept of an ideal organization in detail. Both studies provide a number of factors that result in a motivated, committed and satisfied workforce. These factors include friendly and safe working environment, performance appraisals, individual values, monetary and non-monetary rewards, records of achievements and other incentives. The motivation techniques also involve necessary steps at the planning stage. This includes distributing the tasks in short tasks such that every employee or group of employees is given a particular task to be achieved. The time period mentioned to achieve the targets act as a motivational factor for the employees. The behavior of employees in particular situations can be co-related to many theories of motivation but the best suitable theory should be identified and properly applied. The Maslow’s Need Hierarchy is the theor y in which the individual is motivated by a set of need hierarchy i.e. they are motivated only if their needs are not being met. The more they feel their activities and actions will lead to their goals and ultimate aim, the more they are motivated to work. This theory simply emphasizes on concentrating the needs of employees and projecting ways which

MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH PROGRAMS (Module 2 SLP Topic - Quality Essay

MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH PROGRAMS (Module 2 SLP Topic - Quality Management) - Essay Example The Arizona Department of Corrections Division of Health Services, even in the face of the questions posed above and many more, established a Total Quality Management (TQM) model in 2000 (2008). Several benefits have been reaped already due to this move including large savings to a constrained budget. It can be appreciated that under such dynamic conditions as being under a correctional facility, the departments under this division host several cultures and the issue of diversity cannot be ignored. Health Services offers comprehensive services covering medicinal, dental, mental health, occupational health and pharmaceutical help just to name a few. These services are carried out as per TQM policies, are well documented and backed up with continuous staff development programs (Shriro, 2003, p. 4). The use of modern technology in services such as the Remote Correctional Pharmacy System Access (CIPS) and Telemedicine reduces constrains on the labor force. These systems make it possible for secure transfer of medical details of transferred inmates from the county office to the requisite correctional facility without need for the physical presence of a corrections officer cutting down on internal failure costs. Video conferencing under the telemedicine program make it possible to gain medical interventions for provision of professional care to patients without actually leaving the facility thus reducing the exposure of the general populace in conventional clinics and hospitals to i nmates, a saving on prevention costs. e-Business solutions reduce travel and time as well as promotes continuity of care (24 - 31). The division competes for services of health care professionals with all other government departments and has not been spared from staffing problems. This increases the cost of care due to contraction of services to part-time staff that require higher

Ethical duties as an Entrepreneur (Is your good harm to others) Essay

Ethical duties as an Entrepreneur (Is your good harm to others) - Essay Example Entrepreneurship is not an exception. This paper will analyze the ethical duties of entrepreneur, arguing that one’s good does not necessarily harm others. To begin with, one might suggest that one of the most important duties of an entrepreneur which involved Ethics focuses on the necessity to think about the affect that one’s activity has on the stakeholders. Indeed, it would not be an exaggeration to suggest that one can hardly find an activity where the number of stakeholders is reduced to a minimum and entrepreneurship is surely not one of them (McFarlane, 2013, 51). In other words, it is an imperative for a person who runs a business to think about the impact that it can have on all the parties which are involved directly and indirectly. A helpful way to do so would be to create a map of all the people affected and determine the relationship between them and the business activities (Weiss, 2014, 13). One should point out that considering the impact on the stakeholders might be regarded as a characteristic feature of the modern kind of business. Indeed, in the previous times economic world in general as well as entrepreneur s in particular was primarily concerned with the profitability of the enterprise, the security of the source of income and possible ways to maximize the return of investment. However, contrary to that, at the modern times people acknowledge that they might have a negative impact on the stakeholders and are encouraged to refrain for it. In other words, a good entrepreneur will be able to set up one’s business in such a way that would not harm anyone. The next important duty which should be analyzed in great detail is connected with the necessity to implement ethical decision making process. One of the most significant aspects that are crucial for understanding of this duty is the difference between morals and ethics. Thus, the former is largely considered to be a set of personal

Media Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Media Law - Case Study Example Sullivan a policeman from Montgomery, Alabama, sued New York Times for alleged untrue facts about him in the ad of New York Times. Alleged false information consisted of several minor inaccurate details about the protests at Alabama State College. Most of them were of minor character (for instance the names of songs were confused or some other minor facts were stated). Supreme Court found that newspaper really misrepresented some facts, yet it nevertheless held that public official who sued for the damages must prove first of all, that untrue information was intentionally presented as such or that no attempt was actually made to find out whether this information was false or untrue and thus gross neglect to the verification of the truth occurred. However, in the opinion of the Court no such intentions were evident in the actions of New York Times, and thus the case of the Sullivan collapsed. 1 However, is Sullivan defense present in current libel laws of the United Kingdom In order to answer this question one has to study the law that regulates libel and defamatory. Let us consider the most important features of UK libel law. First of all, one should distinguish between slander and libel. ... Libel is the statement in print; whereas slander is statement in spoken form (however statement made by radio and TV broadcasters or by some performers can be regarded as libel as well). Libel can b presented in any form, it can be written on bulletin boards, websites and emails 2. As far as the broadcasting is concerned, defamatory statements are regulated by Broadcasting Act of 1990 3, and this act protects broadcasters especially if they make true, honest statements without malice. However, the broadcasting is a unique type of media, as the sound as well as visual materials is transmitted, and a broadcaster might wrongfully point out, or give the impression that they target some persons or companies. As the result of it some people may believe that they were especially targeted and singled out whereas they were not Also some allegations in defamation can be made when particular text can be on top of some pictures that might induce persons to make some conclusions about particular person or event. 2 Libel, 3 Broadcast The same pertains to the radio that can mix music with particular text and thus can give particular impression about the event or another person. 4 If the statements induce person to evince hatred toward particular individual, might entail isolation of the person mentioned (the person can be avoided by some group of people as the result of the libel), damage his reputation and entail some financial difficulties or losses either for business or some groups of people, then the statements can be denoted as defamatory ones5. However, if the statements might induce people to hate or consider with contempt Royal family, Government,

Developing a Teaching Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Developing a Teaching Plan - Assignment Example [3] The obvious outcome expected are the following: Information is supplied {b} Doubts are clarified {c} Questions are answered {d} Need is highlighted {e} Motivate the reader {f} Action is advocated {g} Decision is aided {h} Prompt action is encouraged. {c} If the student is not immunized then the Booklet must be provided and the student should be told to read and come back to the college office again when a more detailed information could be gathered. [5] The methods of instruction to be used can be varied and it becomes subject to the budget allocation for such an ongoing program. The following can be considered: {a} Print material in booklet form in text and graphics, the size that fits into a purse or pocket. {b} An audio-visual, in the form of a VCD. {c} Fliers & Mind Joggers & Posters & Banners in the college campus. {d} Inserts in the college prospectus. {e} Class room sessions. Disease Invasive meningococcal disease occurs in three common clinical forms: meningitis (49% of cases), blood infection (33%) and pneumonia (9%); other forms account for the remainder (9%) of the cases. Onset can be abrupt and course of disease rapid. Epidemiology # Annually, 1,400-2,800 cases of invasive meningococcal disease occur in the US. 20% of cases occurs among adolescents and young adults ages 14-24. 16% of cases occurs among infants under 1 year of age. ... [5] The methods of instruction to be used can be varied and it becomes subject to the budget allocation for such an ongoing program. The following can be considered: {a} Print material in booklet form in text and graphics, the size that fits into a purse or pocket. {b} An audio-visual, in the form of a VCD. {c} Fliers & Mind Joggers & Posters & Banners in the college campus. {d} Inserts in the college prospectus. {e} Class room sessions. [6] The content will have to be very carefully designed and it has to be sensitive to the student group it continually addresses. True and correct information Teaching Plan 3 should be passed on about Meningococcal Diseases and Meningococcal Vaccines. The following brief format is excellent { to develop it please go to its website3}: Overview This document seeks to familiarize vaccination providers, partners, and the public with the epidemiology and clinical features of meningococcal disease Disease Invasive meningococcal disease occurs in three common clinical forms: meningitis (49% of cases), blood infection (33%) and pneumonia (9%); other forms account for the remainder (9%) of the cases. Onset can be abrupt and course of disease rapid. Epidemiology # Annually, 1,400-2,800 cases of invasive meningococcal disease occur in the US. 20% of cases occurs among adolescents and young adults ages 14-24. 16% of cases occurs among infants under 1 year of age. # College freshmen living in dormitories are at higher risk than general population of similar age. Causative Bacteria Meningococci are carried only by humans in the nasopharynx-their only reservoir. Overall 5%-10% of the population carries the bacteria. Adolescents and young adults have the highest carriage rates. The Vaccines Here detailed information has to be provided

Information technology and employment issues Essay

Information technology and employment issues - Essay Example Apart from analyzing productivity, the study also relays more information on how the presence of technology has affected employment opportunities not only in the US but also globally. According to studies, many people are fearful and distrustful when it comes to issues regarding change in places of work. The most feared form of change is the one that involves new and complex technologies. When such changes occur, not only does it instill fear but also result to development of stressful traits among workers, especially the old as well as the less-educated personnel (Jordan, 2012). This is because according to many, introduction of changes usually comes with a number of repercussions, both positive and negative. According to studies, the current generation came with a number of changes, the most common being information technology. This innovation resulted fear among many staff members of companies and organizations. According to studies, people feared this type of change in their plac es of work since it meant that some people would lose their jobs (Jordan, 2012). Since computers do a number of tasks, this implied that many people suffer joblessness and only few computer literate persons would remain. Apart from fear of losing jobs and becoming useless, technology also has its own benefits as well. This is because introduction of technology in places of work also contributes directly to job creation (Miller & Atkinson, 2013). According to studies, the rate of unemployed people is ever on the rise not only in the US but globally.

Developing a Teaching Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Developing a Teaching Plan - Assignment Example [3] The obvious outcome expected are the following: Information is supplied {b} Doubts are clarified {c} Questions are answered {d} Need is highlighted {e} Motivate the reader {f} Action is advocated {g} Decision is aided {h} Prompt action is encouraged. {c} If the student is not immunized then the Booklet must be provided and the student should be told to read and come back to the college office again when a more detailed information could be gathered. [5] The methods of instruction to be used can be varied and it becomes subject to the budget allocation for such an ongoing program. The following can be considered: {a} Print material in booklet form in text and graphics, the size that fits into a purse or pocket. {b} An audio-visual, in the form of a VCD. {c} Fliers & Mind Joggers & Posters & Banners in the college campus. {d} Inserts in the college prospectus. {e} Class room sessions. Disease Invasive meningococcal disease occurs in three common clinical forms: meningitis (49% of cases), blood infection (33%) and pneumonia (9%); other forms account for the remainder (9%) of the cases. Onset can be abrupt and course of disease rapid. Epidemiology # Annually, 1,400-2,800 cases of invasive meningococcal disease occur in the US. 20% of cases occurs among adolescents and young adults ages 14-24. 16% of cases occurs among infants under 1 year of age. ... [5] The methods of instruction to be used can be varied and it becomes subject to the budget allocation for such an ongoing program. The following can be considered: {a} Print material in booklet form in text and graphics, the size that fits into a purse or pocket. {b} An audio-visual, in the form of a VCD. {c} Fliers & Mind Joggers & Posters & Banners in the college campus. {d} Inserts in the college prospectus. {e} Class room sessions. [6] The content will have to be very carefully designed and it has to be sensitive to the student group it continually addresses. True and correct information Teaching Plan 3 should be passed on about Meningococcal Diseases and Meningococcal Vaccines. The following brief format is excellent { to develop it please go to its website3}: Overview This document seeks to familiarize vaccination providers, partners, and the public with the epidemiology and clinical features of meningococcal disease Disease Invasive meningococcal disease occurs in three common clinical forms: meningitis (49% of cases), blood infection (33%) and pneumonia (9%); other forms account for the remainder (9%) of the cases. Onset can be abrupt and course of disease rapid. Epidemiology # Annually, 1,400-2,800 cases of invasive meningococcal disease occur in the US. 20% of cases occurs among adolescents and young adults ages 14-24. 16% of cases occurs among infants under 1 year of age. # College freshmen living in dormitories are at higher risk than general population of similar age. Causative Bacteria Meningococci are carried only by humans in the nasopharynx-their only reservoir. Overall 5%-10% of the population carries the bacteria. Adolescents and young adults have the highest carriage rates. The Vaccines Here detailed information has to be provided

Chagas Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chagas Disease - Essay Example More commonly, it is referred to as paleoparasitology (Ferreira et al., 2000). The discovery of the presumed parasite in the human remains is then extrapolated to the present relationship between the host and the parasite Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. The reservoir exists in wild amongst various animal species constituting the sylvatic cycle (Afuderheide et al., 2004). The vector for its transmission is reduviid bug (family Reduviidae, subfamily Triatominae). These insects hide in the crevices, nests or human dwellings in case of domestic cycle and emerge at night to feed upon the blood of their prey (Afuderheide et al., 2004). The infection is caused by rubbing of the bitten area where the parasite deposits the faecal matter (Afuderheide et al., 2004). This leads to entry of the parasite into the blood stream from the breached skin or conjunctiva. Parasitemia may lead to acute manifestations of myocarditis or meningoencephalitis that have a mortality rate of 10% (Afuderheide et al., 2004). The disease may progress to a chronic stage characterised by flare up of febrile episodes and progressive damage to myocardium or gut leading to dilated cardiomyopathy or segmental paralysis of parts of gastrointestinal system respectively (Afuderheide et al., 2004). Researchers to study the archaeological remains for the evide... These findings were supplemented by discovery of dwellings made of mud bricks, which is a common habitat of these bugs.Molecular studies included immunochemical methods and electron microscopy. Histological sections have also demonstrated the parasite even in desiccated mice tissue (Bastos et al. 1996). However, the most vital tool that has enabled the authors to draw important inferences regarding the evolution and epidemiology of Chagas disease is the extraction and amplification of DNA segments of T. cruzi from mummified tissues.Origin of samples: Atacama Desert with its dry hot winds and arid climate has been a source of mummified tissues for many researchers (Ferreira et al., 2000; Afuderheide et al., 2004; Guhl et al., 2000). This type of climate favours the preservation of body tissues in a dehydrated form and nearly arrests its decomposition. Moreover, this geographical region coincides with the distribution of the disease, along coastal region of South America in Peru and Chile. South American natives buried their dead in shallow sandy soils that led to preservation of tissues in a desiccated mummified form Laboratory techniques: This desiccated tissue is rehydrated and pulverised and DNA is extracted. The extracted DNA is then amplified using the Polymerase chain reaction. The amplified DNA participates in the hybridization process with standardised primers and probes under controlled conditions. Hybridisation of the DNA extracted from the mummified tissue samples with the probe nucleotides constitutes a positive test result. Hybridisation can be identified by gel electrophoresis and analysis of bands by radioisotope techniques. Authentication and sources of error Concern has been raised

Telling the Truth About History Essay Example for Free

Telling the Truth About History Essay The struggle to find truth in telling the stories of history has been a source of constant debate amongst historians and intellectuals. With the emergence of religious rejection during the seventeenth and eighteenth century Enlightenment, the influence and undoubted supremacy of the heroic model of science provided historians with new ways for obtaining truth—absolute truths—through the dispassionate eyes of a â€Å"heroic† observer. Although this remains unchallenged for many generations, with the cultural changes and the democratization of education, the idea of an absolute truth—a universal story of national progress which neglects to encompass the diversity of America—is challenged by post-modernity. In all its pessimisms towards absolute truths and objective knowledge, post-modernism illustrates the importance of and sets the foundation for questioning historical accuracy and the idea of objectivity. Can there be truth when the words and language of the â€Å"objective† observer is unintentionally dripping in their own personal, social, and political agendas? Through the works of Foucault and Deerdas, who get at the heart of this very question, historians are encouraged to reject the Enlightenment project, and look deeper into historical evidence to interrogate the structure and organization of the text, its vocabulary, and hidden assumptions. Although, post-modernity—a critique of the Enlightenment ideals—creates the framework for the questioning of historical accuracy, it is very important to recognize its inability to formulate its own solutions to this historical dilemma. Fortunately, with the succeeding ideas of practical realists, there is a sense of hope and optimism for the future of history and the all-encompassing truths that it can uphold. How did post-modernity challenge the heroic model of science and enlightenment ideals? With the digression away from enlightenment ideals of objectivity, absolute truth, and progress, post-modernists set the tone for a new way of thinking—similar to the way Enlightenment philosophers challenged the absolutisms of the church. With the new social historians, the American story is challenged by the competing ethnic cultures that didn’t fit into the white-protestant American story, and penetrate below the surface to where the stories of women, slaves, and immigrants had been veiled for so long. The idealized American story – a fallacious story of unity and equality—had represented the founding fathers political, social, and religious agendas towards progress and modernity which produced justifications like â€Å"manifest destiny†. With this new idea of the influence of personal experiences and agendas, even Newton and Darwin are put on the stand, to find that even these so called â€Å"dispassionate† and completely â€Å"objective† observers had political, social, and religious agendas that greatly influenced their work. This opens the door for the post-modernists attack against the possibility of objective historical or scientific knowledge, reality, and in essence, truth. They deny our ability to represent objective knowledge in any true fashion because of the language barrier which serves, in a sense, as a funnel that reflects every personal, political, social, and religious agenda or experience. Post-modernists, like Foucalt and Deerdas, â€Å"made western man into a modern day Gulliver, tied down with ideological ropes and incapable of transcendence because he can never get beyond the veil of language to the reality ‘out there’†. (p. 208) With the conflict between the signifier and the signified, as expressed by Saussure, reality or truth can never be reached because in the process of representing an actual object- or the signified – there is a risk of distorting and obfuscating it (p. 214). Objects allow us to create stories—narratives— not necessarily accurate—about the object and its existence. These narratives are inescapable personal and rely upon the experiences and agendas of the individual creating it. Therefore, language is not a direct correspondence to reality. It represents differences, personal agendas, experiences, beliefs, and power relations and knowing this, according to post-modernists, eliminates the possibility of any kind of reality or truth for both science and history. The post-modern cynicism towards reality, truth and objective knowledge created a new way for writing history. The rejection of the old absolutisms created an opportunity for questioning and discourse of previously accepted historical knowledge. It created a space for the stories of marginalized groups who had until this time, been veiled by the universal, romanticized American story of progress toward modernity. A story of success and opportunity on the frontier was substituted by a story of struggle—of women’s rights, of slaves, and of the killings of Native Americans. Within the Enlightenment objectives for history there are limitations to the possibility of anything else but progress. When progress and modernity are the only ideals being stressed, there is little room to create a history beyond this. These ideals consumed the thoughts, beliefs, politics and social structures of man, and it was reflected in their work. History until this time was being tied down and restricted to the old absolutisms, to one universal story which supposedly encompassed all of nature. However, with social history and the door it opened for post-modernity, history could take on the task of telling a more encompassing story that could be discussed, criticized, and built upon. Although, post-modernists believe that there is no truth and that the possibility of reality is non-existent, they set the foundation for future historians to question the history books which they are learning from, to look deeper into the hidden agendas that are sometimes veiled, and to then write a history that, although cannot be completely objective and dispassionate, can embody some sort of truth and historicism for that time. This idea of taking a middle ground between the traditionalist philosophers of the Enlightenment and the pessimistic post-modernists is the main goal the authors of this book try to make. They recognize the need for questioning and interrogation but not to the extent that we end up a nihilistic view that there is no truth and nothing matters. The gap between past events, like records, and the way historians describe and interpret them is accepted by practical realists. This allows for the possibility of obtaining truth and a method for writing history. Some words, they explain, however socially constructed, reach out to the world and give a reasonably true description of its contents because of a relationship between the object and the observer (p. 250). With the practical realists emphasis on archival research, the use of our memories and curiosity, and discourse upon discourse the writing of history is now possible. However, without the post-modernists cynicism and interrogation of the Enlightenment project history may still be a discipline of absolutisms and â€Å"heroisms†.

The Insanity Defense Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Essays

The Insanity Defense Former U.S president Ronald Reagan was shot by a man named John Hinckley in the year 1981. The president along with many of his entourage survived the shooting despite the heavy infliction of internal and external injuries. The Hinckley case is a classic example of the 'not guilty by reason of insanity' case (NGRI). The criminal justice system under which all men and women are tried holds a concept called mens rea, a Latin phrase that means "state of mind". According to this concept, Hinckley committed his crime oblivious of the wrongfulness of his action. A mentally challenged person, including one with mental retardation, who cannot distinguish between right and wrong is protected and exempted by the court of law from being unfairly punished for his/her crime. (1) What is "insanity" and why is this subject of much controversy? Although I do not have a clear definition of insanity, most socially recognized authorities such as psychiatrists, medical doctors, and lawyers agree that it is a brain disease. However, in assuming it is a brain disease, should we link insanity with other brain diseases like strokes and Parkinsonism? Unlike the latter two, whose causes can be medically accounted for through a behavioral deficit such as paralysis, and weakness, how can one explain the behavior of crimes done by people like Hinckley? (2) Much of my skepticism over the insanity defense is how this act of crime has been shifted from a medical condition to coming under legal governance. The word "insane" is now a legal term. A nuerological illness described by doctors and psychiatrists to a jury may explain a person's reason and behavior. It however seldom excuses it. The most widely known rule in... ... a reversible state. When the defendant no longer tests positive in legal tests, an insane person miraculously becomes sane. Unfortunately, the same law does not account or recognize the physical, emotional or psychological states that may or may not be reversible. Works Cited: 1)All About the Insanity Defense, Mark Godo http://www.crimelibrary.com/criminal%5Fmind/ 2) Does Insanity "Cause" crime? : Thomas Szasz, M.D., The Myth of Mental Illness (1960) 3)M'Naghten Rule http://www.law.cornell.edu/journals.html 4)The Yates case: Commentary for United Press International; Susan Crump is a former prosecutor for Houston http://www.geocities.com/mental_illness 5) Donald E. Watson, MD taught and did research in nueropsychology, teaches at UC Irvine Medical School. http://www.enformy.com/ 6) Statistics http://www.crimelibrary.com/criminal%5Fmind/ The Insanity Defense Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Essays The Insanity Defense Former U.S president Ronald Reagan was shot by a man named John Hinckley in the year 1981. The president along with many of his entourage survived the shooting despite the heavy infliction of internal and external injuries. The Hinckley case is a classic example of the 'not guilty by reason of insanity' case (NGRI). The criminal justice system under which all men and women are tried holds a concept called mens rea, a Latin phrase that means "state of mind". According to this concept, Hinckley committed his crime oblivious of the wrongfulness of his action. A mentally challenged person, including one with mental retardation, who cannot distinguish between right and wrong is protected and exempted by the court of law from being unfairly punished for his/her crime. (1) What is "insanity" and why is this subject of much controversy? Although I do not have a clear definition of insanity, most socially recognized authorities such as psychiatrists, medical doctors, and lawyers agree that it is a brain disease. However, in assuming it is a brain disease, should we link insanity with other brain diseases like strokes and Parkinsonism? Unlike the latter two, whose causes can be medically accounted for through a behavioral deficit such as paralysis, and weakness, how can one explain the behavior of crimes done by people like Hinckley? (2) Much of my skepticism over the insanity defense is how this act of crime has been shifted from a medical condition to coming under legal governance. The word "insane" is now a legal term. A nuerological illness described by doctors and psychiatrists to a jury may explain a person's reason and behavior. It however seldom excuses it. The most widely known rule in... ... a reversible state. When the defendant no longer tests positive in legal tests, an insane person miraculously becomes sane. Unfortunately, the same law does not account or recognize the physical, emotional or psychological states that may or may not be reversible. Works Cited: 1)All About the Insanity Defense, Mark Godo http://www.crimelibrary.com/criminal%5Fmind/ 2) Does Insanity "Cause" crime? : Thomas Szasz, M.D., The Myth of Mental Illness (1960) 3)M'Naghten Rule http://www.law.cornell.edu/journals.html 4)The Yates case: Commentary for United Press International; Susan Crump is a former prosecutor for Houston http://www.geocities.com/mental_illness 5) Donald E. Watson, MD taught and did research in nueropsychology, teaches at UC Irvine Medical School. http://www.enformy.com/ 6) Statistics http://www.crimelibrary.com/criminal%5Fmind/

Assimilation “Housing Indigenous Australians in the 1970s” Essay

Since the 1970s the Australian Government started focusing on establishment of houses for Indigenous people in reserve, remote and very remote areas Indigenous housing programs as. Numbers of housing commission "HC" has been built under what has called the Housing for Aboriginal people â€Å"HFA† (1) Consequently, Aboriginal people started moving from overcrowded private rental homes and government houses to public housing tenants in suburban estates. For many Indigenous Australians, this experience negatively affected their obligations to family and community and their conventional pattern of life, because it was based as much on class relations and colonialism view. For this reason, white settlers was justifying the Indigenous people inadequacy participate in social life and / or to assimilate to racist terms, as demonstrating their genetic / biological unsuitability for â€Å"sophisticated life" (2). By another word, white people were represented the problem as social adva ncement rather than determinants of better social and health circumstances. In all of these forms of policies and acts, the expectations by white settlers was that Aboriginal people did not have adequate culture to be able to participate in normal social life. The standard of the education, childrearing nuclear family life, neighbourly interaction, hygiene and clean housing were the fundamental elements around these housing programs. On the other hand, Aboriginal people were needed to absorb these to be able to leave the poor conditions and to acquire citizenship rights (4). This essay will explore the cultural and social and negative impacts of New South Wales Housing Commission (HC) during 1970s, at the end of what is called as the Assimilation Era and impacts of ... ...ious Aborigines people in New South Wales found out some important connections between prevalence of those psychiatric disorders and the circumstances in the housing commission. These findings recommend that some conditions involved adaptation to the normal life circumstances within the whole society and/or accumulative new behaviour increases the vulnerability of illicit drug use and depression. (8) Furthermore, higher levels of at-risk behaviors have been noted among Aboriginal adolescents during the assimilation era. These behaviours include poor physical health, risk factor for disability, face a self-assessed health disadvantage, aggressiveness and emotional distress. However, this may bias by the disproportion of socioeconomic factors. By another word, lower socioeconomic level increase the risk of such health outcomes.

John Steinbeck “Of Mice and Men” Character Analysis Essay

When all of the ranch hands went into town, Lennie, Crooks, Candy, and Curley’s wife were left behind. This was due to discrimination and prejudice. While the ranch hands were in town, the true similarities among the others really come out. One can see that they are left out and secluded due the fact that each one of them has either a physical or mental disability, or are considered trouble. In John Steinbeck’s novel, Lennie Small is a mentally handicapped man who traveled with George Milton. George had to speak for Lennie and do a lot of babysitting and thinking for him also. Crooks, the Negro stablebuck, had been injured when a horse kicked him. He had a hard time walking around because his back was hunched over and was very sore. With being a â€Å"nigger†, the boss had a room just for him in the barn. Candy, the swamper, is an old man who had his hand injured in an accident on the ranch, making him partially handicapped. This quote shows how Candy has become useless like his dog â€Å"the best damn sheep-dog I ever seen†. Curley’s wife is a young, flirty lady who is ignored by many of the ranchers because if they talk to her, they would get into trouble with Curley. Over the course of the novel, there is a lot of sexual prejudice towards Curley’s Wife. With the fact that she lived on a ranch where the majority of people were men, she tended to get very lonely. The quote from George â€Å"Ranch with a bunch of guys on it ain’t no place for a girl† is an example of the prejudice towards Curley’s wife. Another part of the sexual prejudice towards her is the fact that none of the ranch hands will talk to her. Overall the ranch hands don’t trust nor understand her. Some of the sexual prejudice she experienced was her fault, she scared the ranch hands with her femininity but she wasn’t really a tart, she just craved attention that she didn’t get from Curley. Being ignored by both the ranch hands and Curley she ended up very lonely, the one thing she wa nted most was to escape. When all things are considered, Lennie, Crooks, Candy, and Curley’s wife are all left out due to a disability or for being a possible wick to start a fire. Lennie has a mental disability that slows him down some on his thinking process. Nobody wanted Lennie to go into town because he might do something stupid. Crooks and Candy both have a physical disability. With their disabilities, the other ranchers see them as useless because Candy has no hand, and Crooks has a hunched back. The ranchers also exclude Crooks because he is a â€Å"nigger† and at that time period, â€Å"niggers† were still considered to be trash, even though slavery had been abolished. Curley’s wife is left out because of the fact that she is very flirty and if she was to come along, Curley would be very irate. Crooks, Candy, and Curley’s wife all suffer from discrimination and prejudice which creates loneliness and isolation for each one of them. They learn to deal with their loneliness by admiring Lennie and George’s friendship. Crooks experiences isolation due to the fact that the society he resided in was racist. â€Å"A guy goes nuts if he ain’t got nobody. Don’t matter no difference who the guy is, longs he you. I tell ya a guy gets too lonely an he gets sick† was the way Crooks found a personal connection with Lennie by letting him know he understands how he feels when George is gone. Another quote â€Å"Cause I’m black, they play cards in there but I can’t play because I’m black. They say I stink. Well I tell you, all of you stink to me† shows that Crooks would do anything to be accepted, but because of his color he has to refrain from the urge. Throughout the story, there is a lot of discrimination and prejudice. Lennie, Crooks, Candy, and Curley’s wife all deal with getting left out while living their lives. Their similarities really show when they aren’t able to go places and are excluded. At times when they were excluded, they came to one another to cope with their loneliness. Each one of them wanted someone to care about them, to own their own place, and to belong somewhere.

Product analysis Samsung Galaxy S4 Essay

Nowadays, it is a common scene to see everybody keeps his /her ear attached to a cell phone. Often, they are doing it at the risk of an accident, loss of human relationship or studies. Intimate friendships of our parents’ younger days are now lost and it is now reduced to an SMS or mobile talk. Keeping addresses of our intimates is now lost. Writing letters is given up. Human relationship and mental concentration are now replaced by electronic connections. It is a fact that having a mobile phone now a days is a sort of necessity and it is an inevitable truth that mobile industry is taking everyone’s mind by a storm. From the very basic thing of making a call, texting, and now Internet access for just a touch of your fingertips. Do you have one of these? I do have one of those too and I won’t deny the fact that I enjoy using them. So as one of the million subscribers of this technology I will share you some of the advantages and disadvantages I found, out of having a mobile phone. A mobile phone (also known as a cellular phone, cell phone, and a hand phone) is a device that can make and receive telephone calls over a radio link while moving around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile phone operator, allowing access to the public telephone network. By contrast, a cordless telephone is used only within the short range of a single, private base station. In addition to telephone, modern mobile phones also support a wide variety of other services such as text messaging, MMS, email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications (infrared, Bluetooth), business applications, gaming and photography. Mobile phones that offer these and more general computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones. The first hand-held mobile phone was demonstrated by John F. Mitchell and Dr Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using a handset weighing around 2.2 pounds (1 kg). In 1983, the DynaTAC 8000x was the first to be commercially available. From 1990 to 2011, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew from 12.4 million to over 6 billion, penetrating about 87% of the global population and reaching the bottom of the economic pyramid. II. The Company Background Samsung Group (Hangul: ì‚ ¼Ã¬â€ž ±Ãª · ¸Ã« £ ¹; Hanja: ä ¸â€°Ã¦ËœÅ¸Ãª · ¸Ã« £ ¹; Korean pronunciation: [sam.sÊÅ'Å‹ É ¡Ã‰ ¯Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‰ ¾upÌš]) is a South Korean multinationalconglomerate company headquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul. It comprises numerous subsidiaries and affiliated businesses, most of them united under the Samsung brand, and is the largest South Korean chaebol. Samsung was founded by Lee Byung-chull in 1938 as a trading company. Over the next three decades the group diversified into areas including food processing, textiles, insurance, securities and retail. Samsung entered the electronics industry in the late 1960s and the construction and shipbuilding industries in the mid-1970s; these areas would drive its subsequent growth. Following Lee’s death in 1987, Samsung was separated into four business groups – Samsung Group, Shinsegae Group, CJ Group and Hansol Group. Since the 1990s Samsung has increasingly globalised its activities, and electronics, particularly mobile phones and semiconductors, has become its most important source of income. Notable Samsung industrial subsidiaries include Samsung Electronics (the world’s largest information technology company measured by 2012 revenues), Samsung Heavy Industries (the world’s second-largest shipbuilder measured by 2010 revenues), and Samsung Engineering and Samsung C&T (respectively the world’s 35th- and 72nd-largest construction companies). Other notable subsidiaries include Samsung Life Insurance (the world’s 14th-largest life insurance company), Samsung Everland (operator of Everland Resort, the oldest theme park in South Korea), Samsung Techwin (an aerospace and defence company) and Cheil Worldwide (the world’s 19th-largest advertising agency measured by 2010 revenues). Samsung has a powerful influence on South Korea’s economic development, politics, media and culture, and has been a major driving force behind the â€Å"Miracle on the Han River†. Its affiliate companies produce around a fifth of South Korea’s total exports. Samsung’s revenue was equal to 17% of the South Korea’s $1082 billion GDP. Name According to the founder of Samsung Group, the meaning of the Korean hanja word Samsung (ä ¸â€°Ã¦ËœÅ¸) is â€Å"tristar† or â€Å"three stars†. The word â€Å"three† represents something â€Å"big, numerous and powerful†; the â€Å"stars† mean eternity. History 1938 to 1970 The headquarters of Samsung Sanghoesin Daegu in the late 1930s In 1938, Lee Byung-chull (1910–1987) of a large landowning family in the Uiryeong county came to the nearby Daegu city and founded Samsung Sanghoe (ì‚ ¼Ã¬â€ž ±Ã¬Æ' Ã­Å¡Å', ä ¸â€°Ã¦ËœÅ¸Ã¥â€¢â€ Ã¦Å"Æ'), a small trading company with forty employees located in Su-dong (now Ingyo-dong). It dealt in groceries produced in and around the city and produced its own noodles. The company prospered and Lee moved its head office to Seoul in 1947. When the Korean War broke out, however, he was forced to leave Seoul and started a sugar refinery in Busan named Cheil Jedang. After the war, in 1954, Lee founded Cheil Mojik and built the plant in Chimsan-dong, Daegu. It was the largest woollen mill ever in the country and the company took on the aspect of a major company. Samsung diversified into many areas and Lee sought to help establish Samsung as an industry leader in a wide range of enterprises, moving into businesses such as insurance, securities, and retail. Lee placed great importance on industrialization, and focused his economic development strategy on a handful of large domestic conglomerates, protecting them from competition and assisting them financially. In 1948, Cho Hong-jai (the Hyosung group’s founder) jointly invested in a new company called Samsung Mulsan Gongsa (ì‚ ¼Ã¬â€ž ±Ã« ¬ ¼Ã¬â€š °Ãª ³ µÃ¬â€š ¬), or the Samsung Trading Corporation, with the Samsung Group founder Lee Byung-chull. The trading firm grew to become the present-day Samsung C&T Corporation. But after some years Cho and Lee separated due to differences in management between them. He wanted to get up to a 30% group share. After settlement, Samsung Group was separated into Samsung Group and Hyosung Group, Hankook Tire, and others. In the late 1960s, Samsung Group entered into the electronics industry. It formed several electronics-related divisions, such as Samsung Electronics Devices Co., Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Samsung Corning Co., and Samsung Semiconductor & Telecommunications Co., and made the facility in Suwon. Its first product was a black-and-white television set. 1970 to 1990 The SPC-1000, introduced in 1982, was Samsung’s first personal computer (Korean market only) and uses an audio cassette tape to load and save data – the floppy drivewas optional. In 1980, Samsung acquired the Gumi-based Hanguk Jeonja Tongsin and entered the telecommunications hardware industry. Its early products were switchboards. The facility were developed into the telephone and fax manufacturing systems and became the centre of Samsung’s mobile phone manufacturing. They have produced over 800 million mobile phones to date. The company grouped them together under Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. in the 1980s. After the founder’s death in 1987, Samsung Group was separated into four business groups – Samsung Group, Shinsegae Group, CJ Group and Hansol Group. Shinsegae (discount store, department store) was originally part of Samsung Group, separated in the 1990s from the Samsung Group along with CJ Group (Food/Chemicals/Entertainment/logistics) and the Hansol Group (Paper/Telecom). Today these separated groups are independent and they are not part of or connected to the Samsung Group. One Hansol Group representative said, â€Å"Only people ignorant of the laws governing the business world could believe something so absurd,† adding, â€Å"When Hansol separated from the Samsung Group in 1991, it severed all payment guarantees and share-holding ties with Samsung affiliates.† One Hansol Group source asserted, â€Å"Hansol, Shinsegae, and CJ have been under independent management since their respective separations from the Samsung Group.† One Shinsegae Department Store executive director said, â€Å"Shinsegae has no payment guarantees associated with the Samsung Group.† In the 1980s, Samsung Electronics began to invest heavily in research and development, investments that were pivotal in pushing the company to the forefront of the global electronics industry. In 1982, it built a television assembly plant in Portugal; in 1984, a plant in New York; in 1985, a plant in Tokyo; in 1987, a facility in England; and another facility in Austin in 1996. As of 2012, Samsung has invested more than US$13 billion in the Austin facility, which operates under the name Samsung Austin Semiconductor LLC. This makes the Austin location the largest foreign investment in Texas and one of the largest singleforeign investments in the United States. 1990 to 2000 Samsung Group headquarters at Samsung Town, Seoul Samsung started to rise as an international corporation in the 1990s. Samsung’s construction branch was awarded a contract to build one of the two Petronas Towers in Malaysia, Taipei 101 in Taiwan and the Burj Khalifa in United Arab Emirates. In 1993, Lee Kun-heesold off ten of Samsung Group’s subsidiaries, downsized the company, and merged other operations to concentrate on three industries: electronics, engineering, and chemicals. In 1996, the Samsung Group reacquired the Sungkyunkwan University foundation. Samsung became the largest producer of memory chips in the world in 1992, and is the world’s second-largest chipmaker after Intel (seeWorldwide Top 20 Semiconductor Market Share Ranking Year by Year). In 1995, it created its first liquid-crystal display screen. Ten years later, Samsung grew to be the world’s largest manufacturer of liquid-crystal display panels. Sony, which had not invested in large-size TFT-LCDs, contacted Samsung to cooperate, and, in 2006, S-LCD was established as a joint venture between Samsung and Sony in order to provide a stable supply of LCD panels for both manufacturers. S-LCD was owned by Samsung (50% plus 1 share) and Sony (50% minus 1 share) and operates its factories and facilities in Tangjung, South Korea. As on 26 December 2011 it was announced that Samsung had acquired the stake of Sony in this joint venture. Compared to other major Korean companies, Samsung survived the 1997 Asian financial crisis relatively unharmed. However, Samsung Motor was sold to Renault at a significant loss. As of 2010, Renault Samsung is 80.1 percent owned by Renault and 19.9 percent owned by Samsung. Additionally, Samsung manufactured a range of aircraft from the 1980s to 1990s. The company was founded in 1999 as Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI), the result of merger between then three domestic major aerospace divisions of Samsung Aerospace, Daewoo Heavy Industries, and Hyundai Space and Aircraft Company. However, Samsung still manufactures aircraft engines and gas turbines. 2000 to 2013 The Samsung pavilion at Expo 2012 In 2001 Samsung Techwin became the sole supplier of a combustor module for the Rolls-Royce Trent 900 used by the Airbus A380, the world’s largest passenger airliner. Samsung Techwin is also a revenue-sharing participant in the Boeing’s 787 Dreamliner GEnx engine program. In 2010, Samsung announced a 10-year growth strategy centred around five businesses. One of these  businesses was to be focused on biopharmaceuticals, to which the Company has committed â‚ ©2.1 trillion. In December 2011, Samsung Electronics sold its hard disk drive (HDD) business to Seagate. In the first quarter of 2012, Samsung Electronics became the world’s largest mobile phone maker by unit sales, overtaking Nokia, which had been the market leader since 1998. In the August 21st edition of the Austin American-Statesman, Samsung confirmed plans to spend 3 to 4 billion dollars converting half of its Austin chip manufacturing plant to a more profitable chip. The conversion should start in early 2013 with production on line by the end of 2013. On August 24, 2012, 9 U.S jurors ruled that Samsung had to pay Apple Incorporated US$1.05 billion dollars in damages for violating six of its patents on smartphone technology. The award was still less than the US$2.5 billion dollars requested by Apple. The decision also ruled that Apple didn’t violate 5 Samsung patents that were in the caseSamsung decried the decision saying that the move could harm innovation in the sector. It also followed a South Korean ruling that said both companies were guilty of infringing on each other’s intellectual property. In the first trading after the ruling, Samsung shares on the Kospi index fell 7.7%, the largest fall since October 24, 2008, to 1,177,000 Korean won. Apple then sought to ban the sales of eight Samsung phones (Galaxy S 4G, Galaxy S2 AT&T, Galaxy S2 Skyrocket, Galaxy S2 T-Mobile, Galaxy S2 Epic 4G, Galaxy S Showcase, Droid Charge and Galaxy Prevail) in the United States[ which has been denied by the court. On September 4, 2012, Samsung announced it plans to examine all of its Chinese suppliers for possible violations of labor policies. The company said it will carry out audits of 250 Chinese companies that are its exclusive suppliers to see if children under the age of 16 are being used in their factories. Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (Korean: ì‚ ¼Ã¬â€ž ±Ã¬  â€žÃ¬Å¾ ) is a South Korean multinational electronics company headquartered in Suwon, South Korea. It is the flagship subsidiary of the Samsung Group and has been the world’s largest information technology company by revenues since 2009. Samsung Electronics has assembly plants and sales networks in 61 countries and employs around 221,000 people. Samsung has previously been known for its position as a manufacturer for many electrical components such  as semiconductors,chips, flash memory and hard drive devices. Samsung Electronics has actively expanded in consumer markets moving away from its manufacturing roots. It has been the world’s largest television manufacturer since 2006 and the world’s largest maker of LCD panels for eight consecutive years. In recent years, Samsung has gained prominent position in the mobile phone and tablet market, fuelled by its flagship Samsung Galaxy line of devices. The company is the world’s largest vendor of smartphones since 2011. Samsung has also established a prominent position in the tablet computer market, with the release of the Android-powered Samsung Galaxy Tab and Note 10.1. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://smartphones2013.org/samsung-galaxy-s4-pros-cons/ http://www.managementstudyguide.com/market-segmentation.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Galaxy_S4 http://gadgetan.com/inilah-uniknya-acara-perilisan-samsung-galaxy-s-4/42162 http://www.gsmarena.com/samsung_galaxy_s_iv-5125.php Samsung official website (http://www.samsung.com/us/mobile/galaxy-S4/ ) http://www.isuppli.com www.wikipedia.org www.google.com www.valas.com www.mysmartprice.in www.xe.com http://www.indotrading.com http://searchfunmoods.com http://www.knoc.co.kr www.phoneArena.com http://EzineArticles.com/