Modern Methods of Construction Industry

sophisticated Methods of anatomical structure diligenceMODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLGYDefinitionMMC is a terminal utilize to describe a number of mental synthesis rules which differ from handed-down eddy. take a hoper(a) terms that ar commonly utilised include off- lay formulation, factory- create, industrialise or system verbal expression and pre-fabrication. annalsConstruction history is then key to understanding and dating structures. If you muckle show that a peculiar(prenominal) technique was exercised in a certain period, then you push aside use that information to date a conditioning or reflection or subsequent additions to a work uping. As most buildings ar added to oer prison term, being able to show when changes were make is fundamental to understanding how elderly and how signifi atomic number 50t they argon.Allied to our understanding of the role and conditions of t hose down who worked on building offices, spin history seeks to under stand how people in the past thought rough building technology itself. How did they calculate whether something would stand up? How did they set knocked out(p) buildings on the ground? Here at that place is a clear point of intersection with the history of engineering and the building professionals, including the roles of oerseers, designers, architects and engineers in every period.Construction History encompasses all periods from the various earliest signs of human activity to the very novel past, from cave dwellings to nuclear power stations. Obviously the techniques used to study these periods veer. early(a) buildings lack written records, so the descriptions tend to depend entirely on archaeological recording and interpretation. Later, written records substructure be used on with archaeological recording. In much than(prenominal) than recent periods very details accounts whitethorn survive, with drawings, models and photographs to show how building were put togeth er and oral histories give the axe be compiled from those who worked on themPrefabricated ho development has been used in the UK duringperiods of high demand, such as after the World Warsand during the slum clearances of the 1960s. In total slightly 1 million prefabricated homes were built duringthe 20th century, many of which were designed to betemporary. However, problems arose over the quality ofbuilding materials and poor workmanship, lede to negative public attitudes towards prefabrication.Nevertheless it has continued to be used in the UK forhospitals, hotels and schools, as well as for trapping inother countries. MMC is a newfangled term intended to reflect technical improvements in prefabrication, encompassinga range of on and off-site twisting methodResearch involved1.nhbcfoundationto examine current attitudes ,policies ansd use of mmc and its prospects for future,the NHBC foundation commissi wizd research amongst large and medium size of itd hose builders and large and medium size lodgement association in reclusive and societal residential sectorsThe research set out to answer the side by side(p) questionThe extent to which organisationargonembracinfg or considering mmcFactors which are driving their interest effort for usinfg or rejecting mmcBenefits and drawbacks experirnced I use2.the research undertaken by BRE shows the menages to be more slide fastener efficient , on the contrary on that point was no test of transport and hazardous reductionTypes of mmc1 volumetric anatomical structure tierce dimensional wholes produced in factory fully fitted out and dropped onto foundation to form a structure e.g bathroom or kitchen2 panelised grammatical construction unit produced in factory and than assembled into three dimensional in field e.g cover wall panels,curtain walling etc.3 hybrid construction volumetric construction integrated with panelised constructionADVANTAGES OF MMC Economic MMC offers typically pass fewer defectsand fe male genitalia be built more quickly. Environmental the houses can be more muscleefficient, may involve less transport of materials, andproduce less waste. amicable there may be fewer accidents and less affecton local residents during construction. on-going use of MMCThe majority of homes in the UK are still constructedusing traditional brick and tug masonry. However,within the last few years there has been increase use ofMMC for lodgment, driven by a range of factors includingdemands for faster construction and skills mindlessages.There is uncertainty about the amount of MMC housing2being built. A few large private house builders reserverecently invested in MMC factories so production willincrease. It is estimated by the National House expressionCouncil that about 10% of new UK homes are built using spirit frames, and 5% using other MMC eq toabout 25,000 MMC homes per year. There aredifferences within the UK, most notably in Scotland,where timber frames necessitate lo ng been preferred,International use of MMCIn Japan 40% of new housing uses MMC. In other Europeancountries there is also much greater use of MMC, finically in Scandinavia and Germany. Indeed, somehouse building companies in Europe have started to exporttheir houses to the UK for example, one UK HousingAssociation is importing modules from Poland.The reasons for greater use of MMC in these countries areuncertain, alone suggestions have included in c sr.er climates the building season is short due tobad endure use of MMC allow ins quick construction. MMC building materials, such as timber, are morereadily available. there is a greater tradition of self build housing. MMCappeals because faster construction concentrates disruptionto neighbours and allows earlier occupancy. there are cultural preferences for certain house styles,e.g. timber frame in Scandinavia.IssuesWhile the Government is keen to encourage use of MMCfor house building, research is still ongoing to assess itsbenefi ts. Issues arise over the cost of MMC the fabrication skill its environmental benefits the quality of suchhousing public acceptance and formulation and buildingregulations. These questions are considered infra.CostAlthough some house builders argue that MMC is lessexpensive than traditional methods, effort sourcesindicate increased costs of around 7-10%. Reasons forthe higher costs are difficult to name because mosttrade union movement financial information is commercially confidential, and traditional masonry building costs vary widely too. Itmay be that the costs appear high because some benefitsof using MMC, such as better quality housing and feweraccidents, are not obviously reflected in project accounts.MMC housing is faster to build, reducing on-siteconstruction time by up to 50%, and thus reducing moil costs. Quicker construction is an bare benefit forbuilders of apartments (because viewing practically starts onlyonce all flats are finished), and for Housing Associatio ns, who pay back rent earlier. However, it is less important forprivate house builders as they rarely stag all the propertieson a new development at once.An additional consideration is that the majority of factoryoverhead costs, e.g. labour, are fixed regardless ofoutput. In contrast, site-establish construction costs are onlyincurred if building is taking place. It is therefore lesseasy with MMC to respond to fluctuating demand.Industry capacityIndustry capacity may be a barrier to increasing thenumber of houses built using MMC. Difficulties fall intotwo categories a shortage of skills, and the factorySkillsThere is a shortage of skilled labour in the UKconstruction industry, with over 80% of house buildersreporting difficulties with recruitment. Using MMC tobuild house parts in factories, and faster on-siteconstruction, means that fewer labourers are inevitable.Factory workers with previous experience in othersectors, such as the car industry, can also be used.However, there i s uncertainty about the level of skillsneeded for MMC compared with masonry construction.MMC can require highly skilled labour for precise on-siteassembly of factory-made house parts. Some of theproblems with prefabricated housing built during the 20thcentury stemmed from poor skills, rather than defectswith the housing materials. The Construction IndustryTraining Board (known as CITB ConstructionSkills),funded by industry and Government, is developing MMC bringing up courses for the estimated 2,000 workers buildMMC housing with no formal qualifications. Governmenthas also suggested a need for training for other industry professionals, including surveyors, mortgage lenders, and planners, to ensure they are fully aware(p) of MMC.FactoriesThere are currently over 30 house building factories in the UK. A recent survey found there iscurrent industry capacity to produce over 30,000 MMChomes per year.5 Therefore animated factory capacityshould be sufficient to produce about 17% of new UKhousing, based on a current building rate of 175,000homes per year. Production could be increased byimplementing more factory shifts.Environmental benefitsThe Government is promoting the environmental benefits of MMC, as are many of the manufacturers. Research conducted by the create Research memorial tablet (BRE) found MMC homes to be more cogency efficient, merely there was no significant evidence of waste and transportreductions. Evaluating the environmental benefits of a new MMC housing development is complex because it is difficult to attribute outcomes solely to the use of MMC skill savingsHouses built using MMC typically require less brawniness toheat because of increased levels of insulation fitted in thewalls and roof, and also less air escape from thebuilding. One of the reasons house builders are interestedin MMC is because they anticipate that the energyrequirements of the UK building regulations will soonbecome more stringent. The 2003 Energy White Paper committ ed the Government to implementing new energy related building regulations by 2005.WasteConstruction and demolition waste comprises 25% of UK waste. The amount of waste produced using MMC islikely to be reduced because factory materials can beordered to exact specifications, and there is a lower riskof on-site spoilage, e.g. with wet run. However,there is little research confirming such reductions.TransportBuilding homes in factories may reduce the total numberof trips to a building site. This is of ontogeny importanceas more house building takes place on brownfield sitesin inner-city areas. Little precise analysis has beenconducted to date on transport benefits, but they arelikely to vary substantially depending on the distancebetween the building site and the factory.Quality and accreditationThe number of defects in traditionally built homes in theUK is considerable, with house builders allocating up to2,000 per house to rectify problems. great use offactory production can re duce defects because there isless risk of weather damage during construction, andmaterials can more easily be standardised and tested.However, if there is belatedly found to be a problem witha particular MMC then this would have been replicated inmany homes, because they are mass produced. Housingis built to last a minimum of 60 years, so problems couldgo unnoticed for some time. For this reason buildinginsurers, mortgage lenders, and surveyors are cautious about greater use of MMC. For example, some insurersare upset(a) about the resilience of MMC to flooding. Incontrast, the risks of traditional site-based masonryconstruction are well known because the method hasbeen used for a long time.Accreditation systems to test the performance of housingproducts are operated by the British Board of Agrment7and BRE Certification. But the process can take over ayear and cost up to one hundred,000, meaning that not allcompanies apply. six-spot housing MMC have been grantedaccreditation so fa r, with three more in the pipeline. Ifhouses are built using unaccredited methods then it canbe difficult to gain buildings insurance, and and so amortgage. Some manufacturers argue that Governmentshould offer grants to assist with accreditation.The Council of Mortgage Lenders suggests that theHousing Corporation should strive it mandatory to useaccredited methods when building social housing. TheHousing Corporation is reluctant to do so because itbelieves the decision about which MMC to use should betaken by individual Housing Associations. Also, with the 25% MMC target commencing in 2004, there areconcerns that there would be insufficient industrycapacity if Housing Associations were limited to usingaccredited manufacturers. Government and industrybodies are in preliminary examination discussions about options for afast-track accreditation scheme.Public attitudesThere are industry concerns about the publicaccept top executive of MMC housing. A survey of MMCmanufacturers identif ied lack of market place demand andpublic perception as the two most important limitationson expansion.5 Industry concerns reflect public cerebrationin a 2001 MORI poll, 69% of respondents felt a brickbuilt home would express a better price.8 Negative attitudestowards MMC may stem from highly publicized problemswith historical use of prefabricated housing. There arealso concerns that if more innovative MMC is usedexclusively for social housing the distinctive design maymean residents are stigmatised. However, all but onetenant of a new social housing MMC development inLondon said they would be willing to buy a similar home.Also, because most UK MMC developments are made tolook like traditional brick houses, potential drop occupant may be incognizant of the construction method.PlanningThe supplying system has an important indirect influenceon the MMC market because of its role in determiningthe supply of land for house building. Governmentplanning policy is position down in Pla nning Policy Guidance(PPG), one of which (PPG3) is about housing. PPG3covers issues such as housing density, but use of MMC isnot currently mentioned, and planning focusing wouldnot generally cover such details about construction type.Building RegulationsThe UK building regulations do not specify buildingmaterials or construction method, but instead setminimum performance standards. Proposed changes tothe building regulations covering energy efficiency,broadband access and structural integrity areforthcoming. These changes may make it twopennyer andeasier for MMC to meet the regulations compared withtraditional masonry construction. health and sentry dutyThe construction industry is one of the most dangerousfor workers, with about 100 deaths per year in the UK.MMC could improve safety because there is a reducedrisk of accidents in a controlled factory environment, andless time is spent on the construction site. The Healthand condom Executive, who regulate construction safety,are encouraging the use of MMC.EXAMPLES OF MMCZurich Municipals definition is A construction process that can encompass the use of composite new and traditional materials and offices often with extensive factory produced sub-assembly sections. This may be in junto with accelerated on-site assembly methods and often to the exclusion of many of the construction industry traditional swops. The process includes new buildings and retrofitting, repair and extension of existing buildings. Identified below are examples of more common types of MMC 1. Super-structureModular ConstructionPod ConstructionOpen panel Timber frame and mark frameStructural Insulated PanelsSolid Cross Laminated Timber Panels 2. On-site technologiesInsulated concrete Formwork (ICF)External Finishing SystemsTimber CladdingExternal Finishing Systems (EIFS)Brick shift key SystemGreen Wall and RoofsFor new build developments using current Methods of Construction evaluating the following areas and implementing controls will help ensure a undefeated buildBuild quality control e.g. adequacy of inspection regimes during the buildSelection and competency criteria for contractorsStandards for construction site discount safetyStandards for construction site securityCompliance with published safety guidance e.g. trade associations, Health and Safety Executive (HSE) or insurer recommendationsEmergency procedures innovation ConsiderationsReducing risk at the design phase is an important component in the delivery of a successful build. Ensuring all stakeholders are sedulous in reducing risk ultimately adds value by ensuring potential losses can be minimised as well as more subtle benefits through reduced maintenance costs, improved occupier comfort and well-being. An example of reducing risk for wall construction is given below but the principle of reducing risk should be applied crossways all elements of the design. The wall or facade of the building can have a material impact upon the arson or accid ental fire risk. It can also affect the fire spread risk should a fire occur and ultimately the extent of any loss. Within the social housing sector there continues to be a demand for Modern Methods of Construction (MMC). MMC can offer advantages such as improved build time, environmental benefits and reduced on-site labour costs. The extent of these benefits often depends upon the size of development and design employPros and Cons of Modular ConstructionProsThanks to the ability for the project to run simultaneously on-site and in-factory, modular construction can be up to 50% quicker than traditional construction.As major parts of construction are handled within a factory, weather conditions are often irrelevant during the majority of the project.The factory-based manufacturing process allows not only for greater quality control during the manufacturing process but for many health and safety risks to be considerably reduced, if not eliminated,The process aims to minimise waste and reduce the projects carbon footprint, as fewer people are travelling to the site and modules are produced directly to spec using Computer Aided Manufacturing.The impact on the community surrounding the construction site can be significantly reduced, due to much lower levels of noise and traffic during the project periodThe methods employed in modular construction can often benefit the energy efficiency and airtightness of the final constructionConsAccess to the site must be considered from the very beginning, as it will need to allow for the delivery of large modules.Traditional construction allows for later design changes, enchantment modular construction is unlikely to be able to factor these in, so early complete design sign off is crucial with clients.The logistics and planning of individual module assembly will need rigorous planning to ensure a smooth project.WHY MODERN METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION OUTPERFORMS conventional CONSTRUCTION AT EVERY LEVELfollowing are the reasons1) t hey are manufactured in less time.2) they are well designed in a control environment.3) as they are designed in a controlled environment, there are very low chances of errors and quality compromise.4) they are cheap as compared to traditional methods.5) due to rapid demand of infratructure.it is the future of construction industry.6) less labour is required.7) it is easily assembled and can be easily re-assembled.8) it offers greator plectrum and adaptability.9) it is very economical and efficient methodConclusionIn short mmc is very good to be adopted because it reduces times and save energy secondly the structure is very efficient rather by adopting old cultural techniques.In most of developing country is mmc is adopted like in England,china,japan,America etc.In modern method of construction structure can easily be placed and removed when new changes are required but skilled labour is needed for operation.