Pathogenesis of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes - 2348 Words

Pathogenesis of diabetes type 1 and 2 Introduction After consumption of food, carbohydrates are broken down into glucose in the digestive system which is then absorbed in the blood causing an increase in the blood glucose levels. This rise stimulates the secretion of insulin from the pancreas beta cells which controls the blood glucose levels. Insulin also allows other cells to allow glucose into them by binding on specific cellular receptors thus facilitating the entry of glucose into the cell. Increased secretion of insulin by the pancreas and its subsequent utilization in the cells leads to low blood glucose levels which then result to decreased secretion of insulin. The production of insulin is also affected by disease which causes the dynamics of blood glucose to change when insulin production decreases, entry of glucose into the cells is inhibited which results to hyperglycemia. A similar situation occurs where the insulin secreted by the pancreas is not properly used by the target cells. Insulin secretion may also increase causing the blood sugar levels to become low which is hypoglycemia where the amount of glucose in tissue cells and muscles is higher than that in blood. Diabetes is the disease that occurs when a persons insulin levels are either too high or too low which results in imbalance in blood glucose levels. Type-1 diabetes occurs in those who produce little or no insulin at all while type-2 diabetes occurs in those who produce too high levels ofShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Diabetes958 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In the year 2013, it is estimated that 382 million people have diabetes; however, this is number will likely increase to 592 million by the year 2035. (1) Among Diabetes types, type2 DM is the most common form of diabetes affecting almost 85-90% of all people with diabetes. While older adults are usually involved, younger individuals, even children, are likely to have type2 DM. (2) It’s well known that many organs are involved to maintain glucose homeostasis including pancreas (a andRead MoreRenal Microvascular Complications Of Type 2 Diabetes Essay1105 Words   |  5 PagesMicrovascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes: Aetiology and Pathogenesis Abstract There have been a number of manuscripts reporting on the association of complications in type 2 diabetes with high glucose blood levels, high levels of C-Peptide, high advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and oxidative stress. In order to further investigate the aetiology and pathophysiology of renal microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes, papers were reviewed throughRead MoreBiology Lab Report902 Words   |  4 Pagesfluctuation (BGF) contributes in chronic complications by promoting the dysfunction of vascular endothelium in diabetes. MicroRNA (miR)-34 family is known for its roles in the pathophysiology of diverse diseases including type 2 diabetes. However, the action of BGF on the expression of these miRs in diabetes is unknown. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effects of BGF on the pathogenesis of diabetes and the possible involvement of miR-34 family in vivo. Methods: A total of 60 Sprague-Dawley (SD) ratsRead MoreA Brief Note On The Major Micro Vascular Complication Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus1685 Words   |  7 PagesBackground: Diabetic nephropathy is the major micro-vascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is the main cause for end-stage kidney disease. In view of metabolic derangements of T2DM, we went further to investigate the role played by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), lipocalin-2 (LCN2), and omentin-1 in DN. Patients and methods: 15 normo-albuminuria T2DM, 15 micro-albuminuria T2DM and 15 macro-albuminuria T2DM in addition to 15 healthy volunteerRead MoreNutrition Therapy On Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus862 Words   |  4 PagesNutrition Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Smelter et al. (2010) defines diabetes mellitus (DM) as a chronic metabolic disorder of glucose metabolism characterized by hyperglycemia. DM is etiologically divided into types 1 and 2 referring to inadequate insulin secretion and reduced insulin-driven glucose uptake in muscle cells respectively. However, the term â€Å"Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus† to refer to type 2 DM is no longer used because some degree of beta-cell failure leading to reducedRead MoreInvestigating The Aetiology And Pathophysiology Of Renal Microvascular Complications1094 Words   |  5 Pagescomplications in type 2 diabetes with high glucose blood levels, high levels of C-Peptide, high advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and oxidative stress. In order to further investigate the aetiology and pathophysiology of renal microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes, papers were reviewed through 2000 using the NIH PubMed Literature Search System. Inclusion criteria were that manuscripts 1) be primary peer-review research article; 2) conciselyRead MoreDiabetic Nephropathy : The Leading Cause Of Chronic Kidney Diseases Worldwide And Most Of The Affected Patients1143 Words   |  5 Pagesdiseases worldwide and most of the affected patients have T2DM. A considerable number of patients newly diagnosed with T2DM may already have developed nephropathy due to a preceding period of undiagnosed diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance [11]. According to the classification of American Diabetes Association, DN is divided into three stages, incipient nephropathy (micro-albuminuria), clinical diabetic nephropathy (macro-albuminuria) and ESRD. To diagnose those DN patients in its early stage canRead MoreReaction Paper On Type 2 Diabetes968 Words   |  4 Pagesendothelial complications in type 2 diabetes; secondly, we intended to scrutinize the possible involvement of miR-34 family members in this process. We showed that BGF exacerbated the detrimental effects associated with type 2 diabetes via possible downregulation of miR-34b/c, which represents a new potential avenue for the treatment of cardiovascular complications associated with type 2 diabetes. According to our study, the changes in weight as well as the levels of SOD, MDA, NO and ET-1 were more significantRead MoreDiabetes : The Common Chronic Disorders1737 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION: Diabetes is one of the most common chronic disorders in UK [1]. According to Silverman, more than 2.6 million people in UK are diabetic as according to data collected from GP practices and more than 5 million obese people are registered to GP practices. So One in ten people are getting treatment for obesity and one in 20 are getting treatment for diabetes [2]. It is estimated that more than 5% men and more than 4% women in England are found to have diagnosed diabetes. While, 3% menRead MoreDiabetes: Getting to Know it Better1435 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes has become a prevalent disease, due to its drastic increase in diagnosis since the turn of the 21st century. People of all skin color, social class, or ethnicity can fall prey to this lifelong illness. Individuals that do not have diabetes believe that that they know all the basics and precautions of diabetes, but in all reality many people know very little about what diabetes really is. Understanding what diabetes is, can lead to the knowledge of diabetes association with other diseases

Native American Traditions And Traditions Of Clothing,...

â€Å"The Navajos did not make war just to steal and kill; they earned their reputation as warriors fighting to protect their lands, properties, and families- and a just cause it was.† The Navajo tribe is one of the oldest and is the largest tribe in the United States and branches from the Apache tribe. Their characteristics and traditions of clothing, shelter, and food are still around today. This tribe is known for their peacefulness and religious beliefs and 0many experts consider their lifestyle to have been a wealth of culture. They were resilient and seemed to recuperate from the many hardships they faced, even destitution. Navajo traditions were orally passed on to younger generations from elders, and even other tribes that the navajos branched from. They formed a very distinct type of religion known as the Peyote religion. This religion was unconventional compared to other native american religions. Some of their rituals used in healing members of the tribe could last for days and even over a week. Every aspect of their life involved some type of religious ceremony. When it came to planting crops and harvesting they would pray, sing, and dance to the sun god named Tsohanoai for a bountiful year. Not all followed this religion once Christianity was shared with them. In more modern times between twenty and fifty percent now identify themselves as Christians. Another large part of their religion and beliefs are their healing ceremonies. â€Å"In 1941 anShow MoreRelatedNative Americans in California Missions1654 Words   |  7 PagesNative Americans in California Missions Spanish wanted to colonize some of America, just like the Europeans. Building religious based Missions all throughout California was a way for them to maintain ultimate social, political, and economic control. Spanish explorers arrived on the border of California during the 16th century. The very first Franciscan mission was built in San Diego during 1769. By 1833, twenty two Spanish Missions existed from Southern California to Northern California. NativeRead MoreNative American Art And The American Culture1252 Words   |  6 PagesNative american culture is packed with many different things. In this paper I will be writing about what I researched and found about Native American art. Native American art is made up of many different forms and techniques. It plays an important role in what makes up native American culture and tradition, some of which is still around today,. In Native American’s daily life was simply not possible without the arts, there are many different types and forms, some common types include painting, basketRead MoreBlackfoot Tribe Essay700 Words   |  3 PagesBLACKFOOT TRIBE The Blackfoot People are one of the many Native American Indian tribes that roamed America in the early 1700s. Like many tribes they were nomadic hunters that lived in the Great Plains of Montana and the Canadian provinces of Alberta. The name is said to have come from the colour of the peoples shoes that were made of leather. They had typically dyed or painted the soles of their shoes black. SOCIETY: The society is hierarchical within the Blackfoot Nation; there were differentRead MoreLakota Sioux Tribe : The Lakota Tribe1200 Words   |  5 Pagesmany aspects to the Lakota culture, some that were essential for survival and some that they have adapted over time to maintain their culture and heritage. First, buffalo herding, essential to the Lakota survival supplied the tribe with food, shelter, and clothing. Figure 1 is a picture of a buffalo herd in Custard State park taken in 2010. Prior to the Lakota living on the reservation, they would follow the buffalo herds migration patterns. In addition, family was another important part of the LakotaRead MoreThe Role of Native American Women Essay1062 Words   |  5 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;With Native Americans being the first inhabitants of North America, many people often question what traditions they have created on their own, before the ideas of the pale settlers. When taking a look into their interesting beliefs, it is o bvious to see an intricate basis or animals and spirits that guide the lifestyles of Indians all over the country. Even their society had a special way of doing things, including gender roles of both men and women. There are manyRead MoreCultural Analysis of Tausug1970 Words   |  8 Pagesactions aimed at subjugation. The Americans, with their policy of attraction, did not alter much the Tausug culture. And now the attempts of the government to bring the minorities, the Tausugs among them, into the mainstream of national culture are making the Tausugs even more conscious of preserving their identity. This identity is best seen in the material culture which the Tausugs possess today. *Characteristic of the Culture Cumulatuve. Tausug have cultural traditions and knowledge that is storedRead MoreThe Expansion Of The Old West Impacted And Changed2326 Words   |  10 Pagesexpansion of the Old West impacted and changed, for better or for worse, the lives of many Native American tribes and individuals along with the settlers and those who remained back east. The settlement of the Anglo-Americans in the West influenced the lives of the Native Americans living there throughout the spread of foreign food and crops, disease, culture, animals, and ways to live. The settlers and Native Americans both influenced each other greatly, positively as well as negatively. President ThomasRead MoreFreedom And Expansion Of Indian Indians886 Words   |  4 Pages As a result of this conflict, a massacre took place which led to major changes in settlement of the Cache Valley territory. Reformers, Herbet Welsh and Henry Pancoast wanted to civilize the Indians’ tradition. These reformers’ goal was to â€Å"assimilate† the Indian Tribes culture to the â€Å"American way of life.† The Bureau of Indian Affairs established the first boarding school on the Yakima Indian Reservation. Reading, writing, and the English language were some of the subjects taught. ChristianityRead MoreRacial, Ethnic And Economic Isolation Through Curriculum Based Programming Essay1559 Words   |  7 Pagesgroups or individuals. Examples of these curricular units included references to the study of Native American groups, the culture and history of citizens from different nations, and the immigrant experience. The J. Milton Jeffery Elementary School in Madison, CT reported a representative sample of this type of programming: Our goal has been to promote an understanding of different cultures and traditions and to learn to accept differences in people. Our third grade unit of study of different countriesRead MoreThe Navajo People Were Non Existent At A Point?1610 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Dine people only weaved rugs and blankets for personal use, to keep warm and to use as flooring. The American traders became very interested in the rugs and the Navajos started selling the weavings for a profit. Many traders and people were interested in the rugs because of the unique patterns and the intricate designs that were used in the rugs. The weavers of the rugs have been a tradition since rug weaving started. When a baby girl is born in the Navajo Tribe they place spider webs on the baby’s

Davide Wiesner free essay sample

A brief discussion of the life and works of a childrens novelist and illustrator. This essay discusses childrens author and illustrator David Wiesners body of work as a whole. Four books, Tuesday, Free Fall, June 29,1999, and The Three Pigs are examined for plots, settings, themes, characters and style. Specific references to individual texts are included. David Wiesner has been delighting children and adults as well since his first publication, The Loathsome Dragon. He became known as a picture book artist with the publication of Free Fall, a wordless book. He has since become the winner of the Caldecott Medal and is considered one of todays most accomplished authors and illustrators of childrens books. There is always an element of logic behind his fantasies. Moreover his illustrations are unique and visually appealing. Although he has authored several story books, including a his own version of The Three Pigs, Wiesners style is known as the wordless picture book, literally a book without words. We will write a custom essay sample on Davide Wiesner or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These books are wonderful for young children because they can stimulate creativity in a way reading books cannot. His use of color and imagery in his illustrations attract the attention of not only children but even adults are captivated by his vivid imagination.

Seven Causes For Industrialism Essays - Economic Anthropology

Seven Causes For Industrialism Seven Causes For Industrialism There are several causes of industrialism. Furthermore, there are different interpretations for each causes apparent worth. Below, I will attempt to describe my opinions about the importance for each cause for the seven causes of industrialism. The United States of America is a very large, and lucky country. We have fertile farm lands on one end, mountains on the other, and desert somewhere in between. Our size and location gives us a great amount of natural resources. That is why I chose Vast Natural Resources as the number one cause for industrialism. Also, Railroad building is a result of having vast natural resources. The vast natural resources that this country has has given many inventors the opportunity to make great inventions. This is my reason for having Inventions as the second most important cause for industrialism. A prime example of my opinion is the fact that you could not build a railroad, if you did not have land to lay the track, wood to make the ties, and coal to run the engine. Since the railroad car is an invention, then Inventions are a cause of railroad building. Everyone knows that the railroad was an invention. However, the railroad made money by selling goods to other parts of the country. Also, the railroad saved money by transporting more goods for a cheaper price. This is why I chose Abundant Capitol for the third most important cause of industrialism. Also, having an abundant amount of capitol meant that you could build more railroads. Another result from having an abundant amount of capitol was that a person would have more money, which meant they would be able to have a mobile labor supply. That is why I chose Mobile Labor Supply as the fourth most important cause for industrialism. With a mobile labor supply, it is easy to get more accomplished and at a faster pace. That is why I chose my fifth most important reason for industrialism as Rail Road Building. The government had to protect the rights of the companies that were in the railroad building business. That is why I chose Government Policies as the sixth most important cause for industrialism. Government policies kept everyone who was involved with railroad building happy. This led to what I chose for the seventh most important cause for industrialism: Positive Attitudes. Also, positive attitudes led to more railroad building because of the fact that people get more accomplished when they have a positive attitude.