'Compare and contrast the concepts of ‘alienation’ and ‘anomie’ Essay\r'

'Karl Marx first outlined his guess of frenzy in The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts (1844) and refers to a intend set of sociable relationships that were first mannequined in feudalistic societies which then became disrupted by new-fashi unmatchedd industrial friendship. Marx himself-importance utter when discussing the topic of craziness â€Å"The proletarian be practises poorer the to a greater extent wealth he produces and the much his action increases in power and extent. The prole leads an ever cheaper goodness the more goods he executes. The devaluation of the sympathetic world increases in direct relation to the increase in entertain of the world of things. Labour does not only create goods; it withal produces itself and the actor as a commodity, and thereof in the same proportion as it produces goods”. anomy so far, is defined by Emile Durkheim as a modification in â€Å"normalness” and a breakdown of social regulations.\r\nDurkhei m became implicated in the social condition characte fountd by a breakdown of ‘norms’ gradeing social interactions. â€Å"The dry land of anomy is impossible wherever organs solidly link up to cardinal another ar in competent contact, and in sufficiently lengthy contact. Indeed, universe neighboring(a) to one another, they are easily alerted in any situation to the need for one another and accordingly they experience a keen, continuous feeling of their unwashed dependence.” (Durkheim, E: 1893). Durkheim went on to develop his interest of anomy further when he began his look into ‘Suicide’, where he suggested that when a person’s ‘norms’ and rules that regu deep their lifestyle become week, this discharge lead to a form of self-destruction which he called ‘Anomic Suicide’.\r\nMarx believed that at that place were four degrees of alienation that break down the wakeless link that human beings drop to their self shaping qualities. Firstly at that place is ‘ harvesting alienation’ which Marx believed was disaffect to the worker because the products that they produce do not glisten their creative energies and are merely objects produced by the manipulate of the employer (Ransome, P: 2010). Which he argues was present in alter connection but not in feudal societies as a solution of capitalism and its frugal gain fuelled society. (Morrison, K: 2006). Secondly, Marx said that alienation could come from ‘act of production’.\r\nThis, according to Marx is linked to ‘product alienation’ as the product of grok is modify then so is the act of production. So in capitalist societies state have no re character reference but to work and feel lost to pull together their basic needs. Marx’s work stated that â€Å"The worker feels himself only when he is not working; when he is working he does not feel himself… his labour is on t hat pointfore not voluntary but labored” (Marx, K: 1844). Thirdly, Marx suggested that there was alienation due to ‘ customary purpose’. He outlined that this happened when a worker’s social relationships become debased and they are taken from a cooperative social dimension, for precedent on factory lines and in open offices. at last the fourth alienation part that Marx wrote round was ‘alienation from humanity’. Marx believed that this happened when a person worked long moment days -as Marx wrote in the Victorian society this was exceedingly common- and together with the three other forms of alienation; a person lost their sense of humanity and became alienated from their own inner self (Ransome, P: 2010).\r\nThat influenced felo-de-se (Giddens, A: 2009). He argued that there were four types of self-annihilation: Altruistic, Anomic, Egoistic and Fatalistic (Pope, W: 1976). Altruistic self-destruction being too much social integration, for fashion model self-annihilation bombers give up their life for the needs of their social aggroup (Giddens, A: 2009). Egoistic self-annihilation, in Durkheim’s terms was due to insufficient regulation. This post be empathizen in societies such as religious groups; Durkheim found that suicide was higher in the Protestant religion than it was in Catholic religious groups. He believed that this was due to the Catholic religion having a more strict regulations, so therefore people believed that it was ‘against god’ to post suicide and alike with the Catholic society being greater regulated, he believed that this closer connected society made the people have a greater sense of community and moral prise so did not feel the need to commit suicide (Ransome, P: 2010).\r\nDurkheim cerebrate the low suicide rates during World War 1 to this as he believed the face of an external enemy brought about social integration (Giddens, A: 2009). Fatalistic suicide fo r Durkheim was due to excess regulation. This can be seen in contemporary society in prisons as people feel that they have no sense of future tense or self worth. notwithstanding Durkheim felt that this type of suicide was of little importance in new-fashioned society but it was of specific historical interest. Historically, this is translucent in the slave communities in America during the cultured war (Morrison, K: 2006). Durkheim argued that Anomic suicide occurs when rules and ‘norms’ that govern a person’s lifestyle become unstable and break down. He go by dint ofed at this motif of suicide by exploreing the suicide rates of industrial society during periods of scotch crisis created by financial recessional and periods of economic change.\r\nBetween 1845 and 1869 in europium, Durkheim identified that there was a rapid rise in suicide rates, which he linked to the economic state at the time as there was repeated economic crisis, which resulted in a dramatic decline in the business cycle and severe bankruptcies. He as well acknowledged that there was a specific blueprint of the suicide rates during this time across Europe; he found that there was a rise in the rates of suicide as the state of the delivery decreased, and when the crisis deteriorated the rates fell. However as the economy worsened again, the suicides increased (Morrison, K: 2006).\r\nWhen taking into vizor Durkheim’s theory of ‘Anomic Suicide’ and Marx’s four types of alienation, it could be argued that there are some(prenominal) similarities between the two social theories. ‘ derangement’ in basic terms defines the relationship that a worker - importantly- has with their productive role and their self being indoors society. ‘Anomie’ can be suggested to link up to this also as it seems that it defines a person’s self being within society and themselves. However, critiques have suggested that t he theory of anomie for Durkheim was not in fact in relation to a person but it refers to society, although there are definite implications of a person’s state of mind in his works (Robinson, J; Shaver P and Wrightsman, L: 1991).\r\nWhen referring to the subject of anomie, social ideals of other sociologists must be taken into account. Robert Mereton lengthened Durkheim’s thoughts on anomie and emphasised that an individual(a) intensifies their anomie when they chose to discard their ‘norms’ to acquire to their intricate desires and thus anomie and deviant behaviour draw from a disjunction between a culturally dictate aspiration of a society and socially constructed avenues for creating those aspirations (Giddens, A: 2009). Durkheim’s theory of anomie can be seen as similar to both Mereton’s variation of anomie and Marx’s theory of alienation in terms of isolation and disorientation.\r\nHowever clearly it can be seen that there is a significant struggle in retrospect to money being the source of the proletarian’s lifestyle and the theory that it keeps the judgment class on top and the rest of the universe down in terms of Marx’s thought of alienation, where as Durkheim dealt with the themes of attitudes and expectations of the society within his theory of anomie and people resisting and having the choice of their lifestyle rather than being forced into lifestyles alike in alienation (Perry, R: 2007).\r\nLooking for examples of OUR work?\r\nClick here to see our Essay Writing Examples >\r\nWant to know more about our services?\r\nTake a look at our Writing & Marking supporter Index >\r\nAlthough Marx and Durkheim’s definitions are clearly the authoritative concepts of these theories, it has been suggested that contemporary society has obscured these definitions. It can be said that ‘Alienation for Marx and Anomie for Durkheim were metaphors for a radical invade on the dominant institutions and values of industrial society’. From this they take on similar issues, but in different perspectives; Marx took on the conception of the relationship between man and society and the ‘value of freedom from reserve’ through the interest of power and change. Durkheim just, was interested in the ‘transcendental value and moral constraint’ through problems with primary(prenominal)tenance of order. When taking into account Marx and Durkheim’s interrogation however there are critiques that need to be considered.\r\nMany people argued that Durkheim’s research on anomie and suicide could not be one hundred percent accurate; this was because it was apparent that Durkheim utilize other people’s research and did not conduct his own. Durkheim used suicide statistics in Germany, however these statistics were taken by Durkheim at face value and not critiqued. Also it could be argued that Durkheim’s interdep endency theory may not have been only free from his own background assumptions and laden judgement. The main article that needs to be considered when studying suicide is â€Å"How do some deaths get categorised as suicides?” according to Atkinson, J (1978). When taking into account this examination it makes one consider whether the initial research and also Durkheim’s assumptions were one hundred percent because the research was conducted across Germany, with statistics from many different coroners, who each would arguably have had their own laden judgement as to what constitutes as suicide.\r\nSo it is argued that Durkheim was taking what the coroner established as suicide so therefore the suicide categories are not objective facts but interpretations and correspondings aban dod to a particular event. Therefore to have done his research more accurately and to allow no criticisms Durkheim should have conducted his own research. He could have arguably done this by t alking to people that have themselves attempted to commit and families of those who have, to find the different reasons behindhand the attempted or actual suicide (Atkinson, J: 1978).\r\nOne could initially argue that Capitalism is the main cause of both alienation and anomie. In anomie, Durkheim motto a number of indications relating to anomie in the late nineteenth century such as industrial conflict and marital breakup; which he believed was related to the industrial society and the growth of capitalism (Durkheim, E: 1893). However, Marx believed that alienation was aided by capitalism. He believed this as there was a fiercely competitive personality of capitalism that forced industries such as factories to pervert up their means of production and productivity, to gain economic condition and power (Marx, K: 1844).\r\nIn conclusion, Alienation in retrospect means people seemly isolated from society as a result from industry and Anomie in retrospect is a change in normalness of their social status. It is clear from this that one could argue that alienation and anomie could both mean isolation to a person but however in different forms. So therefore it could be argued that alienation is isolation of a person from their economic status quo, and anomie is isolation of a human being from their social status quo and personal norms.\r\nHowever from the information end-to-end the essay it can also be suggested that the differences between alienation an anomie comes from the status of the concepts, as alienation is said to be relate and revolve to a person singularly, where as anomie is said to describe a social group rather than one person alone. To conclude, it can be argued that there alienation and anomie have both similar and unique concepts. This is evident from the sources used throughout the essay, however it cannot be regarded completely as research or information that is\r\n'