'Western Heritage 8th Edition\r'

'Brittney Henley Pd. 2A Chapter 12: Age of Religious warfares Key Topics; -War between Calvinists and Catholics in France. -The Spanish occupation of the Netherlands. -Struggle for supremacy between England and Spain. -The demolition of Central Europe during the thirty Years’ War. phraseology |Notes | | | | |Counter Reformation- A movement within the capital of Italy |Renewed Religious Struggle | |Catholic perform that sought to revitalize the | tranquillity of Augsburg (1555)- A regions get hold would determine its religion, However it | |church and oppose Protestantism. did non recognize Non Lutheran Protestants | | |Geneva became a safety device for persecuted protestants and an worldwide school for | |Baroque Art- 3 dimensional display of life and |protestant leaders | |energy. | | | | |Politiques- rule who urged tolerance and | french Wars of Religion | |moderation and compromise on ghostlike matters |Anti-Protestant Measures and the struggle for policy- devi sing indicator | | | french Protestants are known as Hugue nons. | |They were persecuted by the cut, when major source Charles of Germany / Spain captured | |Huguenots- French Protestants. |Frances nance’. To pacify King Charles, France persecutes the Huguenots in the | | |hopes of gaining the exemption of the King of France. | | | | | enactment of Fontainebleauâ€Subjected French Protestants to the inquisition | | |France remain hostile to the protestants until King henry of Navarre gains the | | | stool | | | | | |3 competing fraction for the Kings (Francis II) ear in France | | |Bourbons- power in the south and west | | |Mont more(prenominal)ncy-Chatillons- controlled the touch of France | | |Guises- dominate in eastern France / Strongest power and had more influence over | | |the mogul payable to family eachiance | | |Bourbons and Montmorency-Chatillons developed strong Huguenot sympathies | | | | | |Conspiracy of Amboise (1560) †Bourbons and Montmor ency-Chatillons plotted to | | | defraud the king of France (Frances II) | | | | | |Appeal of Calvinism | | |Huguenots were in important geographic areas and were heavily represented among | | |the more powerful segments of French society. They wanted to establish sovereignty| | |with in France. | | | | | |Catherine De Medici and the Guises | | |Catherine develop to 15 year old Frances II becomes the regent of France upon the | | | closing of her maintain total heat II. | |On the death of Frances II her younger son Charles IX becomes king where she | | |resides as regent. Catherine fears the power of the Guiles family and sought | | | all in alliances with the Protestants. | | |She issues the January law which allows protestants freedom to worship publicly | | |outside of towns. | | |Duke of Guise impress a protestant congregation at Vassy, bubbly and | | |massacred the worshipers.This is the beginning of the French wars of Religion | | |March 1562 | | | | | | | | |Peace o f Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1570) | | |Ended the thirty year war, the crown acknowledging the power of the Protestant | | | grandness, granted Huguenots religious freedoms within their territory. | | |Catherine fearing the rise power of the other(a) two families and Protestants she| |Coligny: leader of the Huguenots, Charles IX most|cultivates the support of the Guise. | |trusted advisor. | | | |The Saint Bartholomew’s sidereal day Massacre | | |Catherine tried to have Coligny kill by a bullet.Fearing the fallout from| | |the attempt, she convinces King Charles that the Huguenots were attempting to | | | tone-beginning Paris | | |On Saint Bartholomew’s Day August 24, 1572, Coligny and 3000 Huguenots were | | |massacred in Paris. Within 3days another 20,000 were put to death | | | | | |The Rise to Power of total heat Navarre | | | total heat terce sought the marrow ground and gained support from a growing body of | |Protestant Resistance conjecture: |neutral C atholics and Huguenots. | | | |John Knox- wrote First Blast of the promulgate |Peace of Beaulieu (May 1576)- granted the Huguenots almost complete religious and | |against the Terrible Regiment of Women | elegant freedom. It was later recanted because of political pressure of the Catholic| |-He declared removal of a heathen tyrant was |League. Both religious orders dissipate up arms. | |permissible | | | | atomic number 1 Navarre led the Protestant army. Henry ternion brother-in-law) | |Francois Hotman- wrote Franco-Gallia | | |-Humanist argument that representative state |Day of the Barricades â€Henry III surprise set upon on the Catholic League (Spain | |General held more authority then the French king |Supported) and failed. Henry then assassinated the Duke and Cardinal of Guise. | | |Reprisal from the League was red causing Henry III to join forces with Henry | |Theodore Beza- wrote On the Right of Magistrates |Navarre. Henry III was killed; Henry IV (Navarre) is the next successor to the | |Over their Subjects | potful. |-Permissible for bring low authorities to overthrow | | |tyrannical conventions |Protestant as king, the League wants France to be Catholic plainly politically weak so| | |Spain sends in forces to wait on achieve this goal in hopes of putting his girl | |Philippe du Plessis Mornay- Defense of Liberty |on the john. | |Against Tyrants |The French rallied piece of ass their king disbanding the League and outing the Spanish. | |-Princes, Nobles and magistrates are guardians |Henry IV figure outs Catholic.Ending the war of religion in France | |and to bow up arms against tyranny in other land| | | | | | | | | |Edict of Nantes | | |Proclaimed a form-only(prenominal) religious settlement it recognized minor religions in an | | |official Catholic country | | | | | | accord of Vervins -ended hatred between France and Spain | | | | | |Imperial Spain and the Reign of Philip II | | | deluxe Silver and bullion were being imported from Spain’s colonies in the New | | |World. | | |The increased wealth and creation in large cities in Europe triggered inflation. | | | | | | less jobs, less food, wages stagnated and greater coinage in circulation while | | |prices increased. | | | | |The Revolt in the Netherlands- | | |Antoine Perrenot- Cardinal Granvelle. | | |Perrenot hoped to carve up the local autonomy of the Netherlands providences and | | |establish a alter royal government directed from Madrid, and religious | | | deference to Catholic. | | |Granvelle proceeded to reorganize the Netherlands. | |William of Nassau (Prince of Orange) & Count of Egmont organized the Dutch | | |nobility in opposition, which had Granvelle removed from office | | | | | |The Compromise- | | |Margaret (Regent of Spain) rejected the protesters. Leads them to call for aid and | | |rebel against Spain; however the nobility does not support the rebellion. | | |Duke of Alba-sent to the Netherlands to gain cont rol back. | | |He had several thousand suspected heretics publicly executed. | | |He then taxed the concourse of Netherlands to pay for the suppressing of the revolt. | | | | | repose of Ghent- | | |November 4 1576: Spanish mercenaries ran amok in Antwerp killing 7000 people in | | |the streets known as the Spanish fury. | | | | | |Pacification of Ghent (November 8, 1575)- Catholic regions and Protestant regions | | |in the Netherlands incorporated to oppose Spain. | | | | | |Perpetual Edict- provided for removal of all Spanish troops from the Netherlands | | |within 20 days. | | | | | | | |Netherlands Independence- | | |King of Spain Phillip II declared William of Orange an outlaw. | | |December 1580 William of Orange publicly denounced Phillip as a Heathen and tyrant| | |and should not be obeyed. | | |Known as The Apology. | | |Peace of Westphalia in 1648 †Netherlands is fully recognized | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |England and Spain 1553-1603 | | |[pic] | | | | | |Jane Grey (granddaughter to Henry), 3rd queen | | | | | | | | | | | |bloody shame I †reign lasted 5 eld | | |Edward VI died. | | |Lady Jane Grey tried to muster to throne. | | |Mary Tudor was the rightful heir. Grey-9 days fagot then beheaded. | | |Mary marries Prince Philip II of Spain. Mary | | |Had sevens repeal the Protestant laws.Mary | | |Decreed all of England Catholic, burnt Protestant leaders at the stake. | | |Dies 1558 | | | | |The Compromise: A solemn pledge to resist the |Elizabeth I †takes throne 1558 | |decrees of Trent and the Inquisition. |Daughter of Henry and half sister to Mary. | | |advisor William Cecil. | |Passed laws for religious toleration | | | | | |Act of Supremacy 1559- Repealing all anti-Protestant legislation of Mary Tudor. | | | | | |Phillip II seeks marriage with Elizabeth. | | |Mary Stuart, nance of frugal seeks England throne. | | |Supporters claim Elizabeth is illegitimate. | | | baron of Scots is the grandda ughter to Henry the VIII’s sister Margaret. | | embossed French and Catholic. | | | | | |Deterioration of Relation with Spain | | |Spanish Duke of Alba (1547)- marched troops into the Netherlands; England sees | | |this as a threat due its destruction proximity to England. | | |Elizabeth allows pirating of Spanish vessels. | | | | |Mary Queen of Scots | | |Elizabeth executes Mary Queen of Scotts (second cousin) for plotting against the | | |crown. | | |Mary’s husband is killed by her lover, who is acquitted, and then marries Mary. | | |This causes outrage from her people. | | |Mary surrenders her throne to her one year old son pile VI, who later becomes | | |Elizabeth’s heir to throne. | |The pope make Spain to invade England for the killing of Mary who was their | | |hope to turn England Catholic | | | | | |The Armanda | | |May 30 1587 -130 ships with 25,000 sailors sent to invade England. | | |Spain wanted the ships to dock in France before act the invasion. | | |France prohibits the ships from leaving and a fog roles in approximately the channel. | | |England has advantage and wins. | | | | |Thirty Year War | | |Preconditions for War | | |Germany = Holly Rome | | |Germany consists of 360 autonomous entities. | | |Each had its own tolls, taxes, coins and religion, making it difficult to travel | | |and do business | | | | | quaternion Periods of War- | | | Bohemian (1618-1625) Swedish (1630-1635) | | | Danish (1625-1629) Swedish-French (1635-1648) | | | | | |Bohemian Period- | | |Ferdinand ascends to the throne and wants to return the region to Catholicism. | | |He revokes the religious freedoms of the Bohemian Protestants. | | | | | |Defenestration of Prague- Protestant nobility in Prague throw Ferdinand III’s | | |regents out of window in chemical reaction to the revoke of religious freedoms. They did | | |not die, landed on manure which cushioned their fall. | | | | |Ferdinand was managed to subdue the Prote stants and re-Catholicize Bohemian | | | | | |Danish Period- (1625-1629) | | |Lutheran King Christian IV of Demark picks up Protestant banner-invades Germany | | |and loses. | | |Ferdinand attacks Demark and breaks Protestant resistance. | | |Causes fear among all Protestants. | | | | | |Edict of Restitution in 1629- Calvinism is illegal and orders the return of all | | |church lands acquired by the Lutherans. | | | | | | | |The Swedish Periods (1630-1635) | | |Gustavus Adolphus king of Sweden | | |Was a unified Lutheran nation, bankrolled by France, an wished to keep the | | |Habsburg armies laced down in Germany. | | |Adolphus won several battles due to a lighter army and better weapons. | | |Adolphus is killed on the battlefield. | | | | |Peace of Prague in 1635- majority of the Protestants states reached a compromise | | |with Ferdinand, barring the Swedes | | | | | |Peace of Prague plunged them into the fourth war. | | | | | |The Swedish-French Period (1635-1648) | | | The French join the war in 1635. | | |Dragged on for 13 years with Spanish, French and Swedish soldiers looting Germany. | | | | | or so 1/3 of the German population died as a direct result of the war. | | | | | |Treaty of Westphalia- | | | | | |The Treaty of Westphalia 1648 -brought all hostilities within the Holy Roman | | | imperium to an end.Ended Edict of Restitution and reasserted the Peace of Augsburg,| | |which allows each ruler to determine its religion. | | | | | |German princes become supreme over their principalities. | Summary: From Martin Luther’s death in 1546 until the middle of the seventeenth century, European life was dominated by religiously and politically inspired violence. France descended into nearly 50 years of civil war before emerging with a united monarchy under the terms of the Edict of Nantes in 1598. Spain escaped civil strife and remained steadfastly Catholic.Spain’s American empire provided immense wealth, but Spain failed to sub due Protestant nationalism in the Netherlands and suffered get the best of its Armada naval fleet at the hands of the English. As a result, Spain’s position in international affairs declined. Unlike the French, the English managed to avoid civil war under the inspired leadership of Queen Elizabeth I. In Germany, the original center of the Reformation, Lutherans and Catholics had come to jump out each other. But in the early seventeenth century the temporary compromises collapsed. The resulting free-for-all, known as the Thirty Years’ War (1618â€1648), consumed much of Europe’s energies until it was resolved in the Peace of Westphalia. ———————†Elizabeth I 4th, Queen Mary I 2nd, Queen Edward VI 1st, King Henry VIII King\r\n'